- EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH DISTANT WEATHER STATIONS

2015 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Keyword(s):  
Weather Stations

Stochastic simulation of the spatio-temporal field of the average daily heat index in Southern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
N Kargapolova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Gaussian Field ◽  
The Real ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Field

Numerical models of the heat index time series and spatio-temporal fields can be used for a variety of purposes, from the study of the dynamics of heat waves to projections of the influence of future climate on humans. To conduct these studies one must have efficient numerical models that successfully reproduce key features of the real weather processes. In this study, 2 numerical stochastic models of the spatio-temporal non-Gaussian field of the average daily heat index (ADHI) are considered. The field is simulated on an irregular grid determined by the location of weather stations. The first model is based on the method of the inverse distribution function. The second model is constructed using the normalization method. Real data collected at weather stations located in southern Russia are used to both determine the input parameters and to verify the proposed models. It is shown that the first model reproduces the properties of the real field of the ADHI more precisely compared to the second one, but the numerical implementation of the first model is significantly more time consuming. In the future, it is intended to transform the models presented to a numerical model of the conditional spatio-temporal field of the ADHI defined on a dense spatio-temporal grid and to use the model constructed for the stochastic forecasting of the heat index.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NASA POWER Reanalysis Products to Estimate Daily Weather Variables in a Hot Summer Mediterranean Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Gonçalo C. Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo P. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Weather Stations

This study aims to evaluate NASA POWER reanalysis products for daily surface maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures, solar radiation (Rs), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (Ws) when compared with observed data from 14 distributed weather stations across Alentejo Region, Southern Portugal, with a hot summer Mediterranean climate. Results showed that there is good agreement between NASA POWER reanalysis and observed data for all parameters, except for wind speed, with coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.82, with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) varying, from 8 to 20%, and a normalized mean bias error (NMBE) ranging from –9 to 26%, for those variables. Based on these results, and in order to improve the accuracy of the NASA POWER dataset, two bias corrections were performed to all weather variables: one for the Alentejo Region as a whole; another, for each location individually. Results improved significantly, especially when a local bias correction is performed, with Tmax and Tmin presenting an improvement of the mean NRMSE of 6.6 °C (from 8.0 °C) and 16.1 °C (from 20.5 °C), respectively, while a mean NMBE decreased from 10.65 to 0.2%. Rs results also show a very high goodness of fit with a mean NRMSE of 11.2% and mean NMBE equal to 0.1%. Additionally, bias corrected RH data performed acceptably with an NRMSE lower than 12.1% and an NMBE below 2.1%. However, even when a bias correction is performed, Ws lacks the performance showed by the remaining weather variables, with an NRMSE never lower than 19.6%. Results show that NASA POWER can be useful for the generation of weather data sets where ground weather stations data is of missing or unavailable.

Rationalization of automatic weather stations network over a coastal urban catchment: A multivariate approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 105511
Author(s):  
Mousumi Ghosh ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Sheeba Sekharan ◽  
Subimal Ghosh ◽  
P.E. Zope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Weather Stations

Logistic problems in the Canadian Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (67) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
T. A. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Weather Bureau ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
States Weather

In 1946 the United States Weather Bureau and the Canadian Meteorological Service installed the first of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations at Resolute Bay. The network of satellite stations was extended into the Arctic archipelago in the following years on roughly a 275-mile spacing to Mould Bay, Isachsen, Eureka and Alert.

Weather Stations in the Far North

Weatherwise ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
R. B. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Far North ◽  
Weather Stations

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since 1865

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nemec ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
Johannes Oerlemans
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Surface Energy Fluxes ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Annual Balance ◽  
Almost Continuous

AbstractWe have reconstructed the annual balance of Vadret da Morteratsch, Engadine, Switzerland, with a two-dimensional energy-balance model for the period 1865–2005. The model takes into account a parameterization of the surface energy fluxes, an albedo that decreases exponentially with snow depth as well as the shading effect of the surrounding mountains. The model was first calibrated with a 5 year record of annual balance measurements made at 20 different sites on the glacier between 2001 and 2006 using meteorological data from surrounding weather stations as input. To force the model for the period starting in 1865, we employed monthly temperature and precipitation records from nearby valley stations. The model reproduces the observed annual balance reasonably well, except for the lower part during the warmest years. Most crucial to the results is the altitudinal precipitation gradient, but this factor is hard to quantify from the limited precipitation data at high elevations. The simulation shows an almost continuous mass loss since 1865, with short interruptions around 1920, 1935 and 1980. A trend towards a more negative annual balance can be observed since the beginning of the 1980s. The simulated cumulative mass balance for the entire period 1865–2005 was found to be –46mw.e.

scholarly journals Simulation of Doppler Lidar Measurement Range and Data Availability

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Boquet ◽  
Philippe Royer ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cariou ◽  
Mehdi Machta ◽  
Matthieu Valla
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Range ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Weather Stations

AbstractThe measurement range of a coherent wind Doppler lidar (CWDL) along a laser beam is the maximum distance from the lidar where wind speed data are accurately retrieved. It means that, at this distance, a sufficient number of emitted laser photons are backscattered and received by the lidar. Understanding of the propagation of the laser through the atmosphere, and particularly the backscattering and extinction processes from aerosols, is therefore important to estimate the metrological performances of a CWDL instrument. The range is directly related to specific instrument characteristics and atmospheric content, such as the aerosols type, size, and density distributions. Associated with the measurement range is the notion of data availability, which can be defined, at a given range and over a time period, as the percentage number of data retrieved correctly by the CWDL over the total number of measurement attempts.This paper proposes a new approach to predict the CWDL data availability and range of measurement using both instrumental simulation and atmospheric observations of aerosol optical properties from weather stations and simulations. This method is applied in several CWDL measurement campaigns during which estimated data availabilities and ranges are compared with the observations. It is shown that it is fairly possible to anticipate the data availability and the range coverage of CWDL technology at any site of interest where atmospheric data are available. The method also offers an additional way to diagnose the operation of the instrument and will help in the design of future instruments.

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