scholarly journals Quantifying the Climate Impacts of Albedo Changes Due to Biofuel Production: A Comparison with Biogeochemical Effects

2015 ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Fabio Caiazzo ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
Mark Staples ◽  
Philip Wolfe ◽  
Steve Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals Foodshed analysis and its relevance to sustainability

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Peters ◽  
Nelson L. Bills ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilkins ◽  
Gary W. Fick
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Adequate Food

AbstractProviding a wholesome and adequate food supply is the most basic tenet of agricultural sustainability. However, sharp increases in global food prices have occurred in the past 2 years, bringing the real price of food to the highest level seen in 30 years (FAO, 2008). This dramatic shift is a fundamental concern. The role of ‘local food’ in contributing to the solution of underlying problems is currently being debated, and the debate raises a critical question: To what degree can society continue to rely on large-scale, long-distance transportation of food? Growing concerns about climate change, the longevity of fossil fuel supplies and attempts to produce energy from agriculture suggest that energy efficiency will be critical to adapting to resource constraints and mitigating climate impacts. Moreover, these problems are urgent because energy prices, biofuel production and weather-related crop failures are partially responsible for the current world food price situation. Tools are needed to determine how the environmental impact and vulnerability of the food system are related to where food is produced in relation to where it is consumed. To this end, analyses of foodsheds, the geographic areas that feed population centers, can provide useful and unique insights.

scholarly journals Quantifying the climate impacts of albedo changes due to biofuel production: a comparison with biogeochemical effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 024015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Caiazzo ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
Mark D Staples ◽  
Philip J Wolfe ◽  
Steve H L Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals N<sub>2</sub>O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 11191-11205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Crutzen ◽  
A. R. Mosier ◽  
K. A. Smith ◽  
W. Winiwarter
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The relationship, on a global basis, between the amount of N fixed by chemical, biological or atmospheric processes entering the terrestrial biosphere, and the total emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), has been re-examined, using known global atmospheric removal rates and concentration growth of N2O as a proxy for overall emissions. The relationship, in both the pre-industrial period and in recent times, after taking into account the large-scale changes in synthetic N fertiliser production and deforestation, is consistent, showing an overall conversion factor of 3–5%. This factor is covered only in part by the ~1% of "direct" emissions from agricultural crop lands estimated by IPCC (2006), or the "indirect" emissions cited therein. This means that the extra N2O entering the atmosphere as a result of using N to produce crops for biofuels will also be correspondingly greater than that estimated just on the basis of IPCC (2006). When the extra N2O emission from biofuel production is calculated in "CO2-equivalent" global warming terms, and compared with the quasi-cooling effect of "saving" emissions of fossil fuel derived CO2, the outcome is that the production of commonly used biofuels, such as biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), can contribute as much or more to global warming by N2O emissions than cooling by fossil fuel savings. Crops with less N demand, such as grasses and woody coppice species have more favourable climate impacts. This analysis only considers the conversion of biomass to biofuel. It does not take into account the use of fossil fuel on the farms and for fertilizer and pesticide production, but it also neglects the production of useful co-products. Both factors partially compensate each other. This needs to be analyzed in a full life cycle assessment.

scholarly journals N<sub>2</sub>O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Crutzen ◽  
A. R. Mosier ◽  
K. A. Smith ◽  
W. Winiwarter
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Crop

Abstract. The relationship, on a global basis, between the amount of N fixed by chemical, biological or atmospheric processes entering the terrestrial biosphere, and the total emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), has been re-examined, using known global atmospheric removal rates and concentration growth of N2O as a proxy for overall emissions. For both the pre-industrial period and in recent times, after taking into account the large-scale changes in synthetic N fertiliser production, we find an overall conversion factor of 3–5% from newly fixed N to N2O-N. We assume the same factor to be valid for biofuel production systems. It is covered only in part by the default conversion factor for "direct" emissions from agricultural crop lands (1%) estimated by IPCC (2006), and the default factors for the "indirect" emissions (following volatilization/deposition and leaching/runoff of N: 0.35–0.45%) cited therein. However, as we show in the paper, when additional emissions included in the IPCC methodology, e.g. those from livestock production, are included, the total may not be inconsistent with that given by our "top-down" method. When the extra N2O emission from biofuel production is calculated in "CO2-equivalent" global warming terms, and compared with the quasi-cooling effect of "saving" emissions of fossil fuel derived CO2, the outcome is that the production of commonly used biofuels, such as biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), depending on N fertilizer uptake efficiency by the plants, can contribute as much or more to global warming by N2O emissions than cooling by fossil fuel savings. Crops with less N demand, such as grasses and woody coppice species, have more favourable climate impacts. This analysis only considers the conversion of biomass to biofuel. It does not take into account the use of fossil fuel on the farms and for fertilizer and pesticide production, but it also neglects the production of useful co-products. Both factors partially compensate each other. This needs to be analyzed in a full life cycle assessment.

scholarly journals Consideration of land use change-induced surface albedo effects in life-cycle analysis of biofuels

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2855-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cai ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
M. Wang ◽  
Z. Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production

Land use change (LUC)-induced surface albedo effects for expansive biofuel production need to be quantified for improved understanding of biofuel climate impacts.

NUMERICAL STUDY FOR THAILAND: MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PRODUCTION AND LOGISTIC PLANNING FOR SUGARCANES USED IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pancheewa Benjamasutin ◽  
◽  
Ponthong Rijana ◽  
Phongchayont Srisuwan ◽  
Aussadavut Dumrongsiri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Logistic Planning

Climate Impacts on Energy Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ebinger ◽  
Walter Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Climate Impacts

USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. DEVYANIN ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Toxic Components

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.

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