Removal and Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Constructed Wetlands

2015 ◽  
pp. 261-282
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants

Evaluation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in the County of Århus – Denmark

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Jes la Cour Jansen ◽  
Bodil Mose Pedersen ◽  
Erik Moldt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Different Types

Influent and effluent data from about 120 small wastewater treatment plants (100 - 2000 PE) have been collected and processed. Seven different types of plants are represented. The effluent quality and the treatment efficiency have been evaluated. The most common type of plant is mechanical/biological treatment plants. Some of them are nitrifying and some are also extended for chemical precipitation of phosphorus. Constructed wetlands and biological sandfilters are also represented among the small wastewater treatment plants.

Design Recommendations for Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Nitrification and Denitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Platzer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

The paper presents a design for nitrogen removal in subsurface flow wetlands. The nitrification in the vertical-flow beds (VFBs) is clearly determined by the oxygen balance in the filter. Full nitrification can only be achieved when the oxygen balance is positive. For sizing purposes equations for the calculation of oxygen demand and oxygen input are given. Three possibilities to achieve sufficient soil aeration are presented and explained. For the denitrification two possibilities are presented. From technical wastewater treatment plants predenitrification is well known. Return rates up to 200% can be used without hydraulic problems for the VFBs. In cases of low C/N ratios an additional application of HFBs has to be used. The design can be carried out using a design of 1 g NO3-N/m2,d achieving a 65% removal in more than 90% of the cases. The paper discusses some of the equations presented internationally. The suitability of the use of k-values for the processes nitrification and denitrification is especially questioned.

Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Nepal

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Shrestha ◽  
R. Haberl ◽  
J. Laber ◽  
R. Manandhar ◽  
J. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
River System ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Under Construction

Surface water pollution is one of the serious environmental problems in urban centers in Nepal due to the discharge of untreated wastewater into the river-system, turning them into open sewers. Wastewater treatment plants are almost non-existent in the country except for a few in the Kathmandu Valley and even these are not functioning well. Successful implementation of a few constructed wetland systems within the past three years has attracted attention to this promising technology. A two-staged subsurface flow constructed wetland for hospital wastewater treatment and constructed wetlands for treatment of greywater and septage is now becoming a demonstration site of constructed wetland systems in Nepal. Beside these systems, five constructed wetlands have already been designed and some are under construction for the treatment of leachate and septage in Pokhara municipality, wastewater in Kathmandu University, two hospitals and a school. This paper discusses the present condition and treatment performance of constructed wetlands that are now in operation. Furthermore, the concept of the treatment wetlands under construction is also described here. With the present experience, several recommendations are pointed out for the promotion of this technology in the developing countries.

Sustainable sewage solutions for small agglomerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In a significant number of European countries, the need for providing appropriate treatment for the effluents of small rural communities is still especially relevant. In fact, in countries like Portugal, Spain, and many others, significant amounts of investment will be addressed in the next few years to the construction of small Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The problems faced when constructing and operating WWTP serving small communities may be relevant when energy and labour costs are relatively high, or when the visual impact on the surrounding areas is especially negative. Sustainable treatment solutions require the selection of appropriate technologies using fewer resources. In this paper, information is presented about sustainability indicators of twenty-one small secondary wastewater treatment plants, including conventional (trickling filters and extended aeration plants) and non-conventional treatment systems (constructed wetlands). The data refer to allocated areas per inhabitant, amounts of concrete per inhabitant, power per inhabitant, and construction and installation costs per inhabitant. The data seem to show that for different reasons, constructed wetlands are promising treatment solutions for application to rural areas in particular because of the relatively low power requirements and relatively low construction costs for served populations below 500 inhabitants.

scholarly journals Removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants and constructed wetlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lee ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
J. Park ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
J. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Trace Organic Compounds ◽  
Initial Transformation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
D Value

Abstract. Since trace organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals in surface water have been a relevant threat to drinking water supplies, in this study the removal of pharmaceuticals and transformation of pharmaceuticals into metabolites were investigated in the main sources of micropollutants such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and engineered constructed wetlands. Pharmaceuticals were effectively removed by different WWTP processes and wetlands. Pharmaceutical metabolites with relatively low log D value resulted in the low removal efficiencies compared to parent compounds with relatively high log D value, indicating the stability of metabolites. And the constructed wetlands fed with wastewater effluent were encouraged to prevent direct release of micropollutants into surface waters. Among various pharmaceuticals, different transformation pattern of ibuprofen was observed with significant formation of 1-hydroxy-ibuprofen during biological treatment in WWTP, indicating preferential biotransformation of ibuprofen. Lastly, transformation of pharmaceuticals depending on their structural position was investigated in terms of electron density, and the electron rich C1 = C2 bond of carbamazepine was revealed as an initial transformation position.

Design Criteria and Practice for Constructed Wetlands

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Crites
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Constructed wetlands are categorized into two types: free water surface flow or subsurface flow. Design criteria are set out for both types and operational details are given for both municipal wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Serial Use of Helosciadum nodiflorum and Typha latifolia in Mediterranean Constructed Wetlands to Naturalize Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plants

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Antonio Camacho ◽  
Antonio Picazo ◽  
Carlos Rochera ◽  
María Peña ◽  
Daniel Morant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Typha Latifolia

scholarly journals Insights into the Use of Phytoremediation Processes for the Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water and Wastewater; A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2065
Author(s):  
Weronika Polińska ◽  
Urszula Kotowska ◽  
Dariusz Kiejza ◽  
Joanna Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The Impact

Greater awareness of micropollutants present in water and wastewater motivates the search for effective methods of their neutralization. Although their concentration in waters is measured in micro- and nanograms per liter, even at those levels, they may cause serious health consequences for different organisms, including harmful effects on the functioning of the endocrine system of vertebrates. Traditional methods of wastewater treatment, especially biological methods used in municipal wastewater treatment plants, are not sufficiently effective in removing these compounds, which results in their presence in natural waters. The growing interest in phytoremediation using constructed wetlands as a method of wastewater treatment or polishing indicates a need for the evaluation of this process in the context of micropollutant removal. Therefore, the present work presents a systematic review of the effectiveness in the removal of micropollutants from polluted waters by processes based on plant used. The article also analyzes issues related to the impact of micropollutants on the physiological processes of plants as well as changes in general indicators of pollution caused by contact of wastewater with plants. Additionally, it is also the first review of the literature that focuses strictly on the removal of micropollutants through the use of constructed wetlands.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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