Freezing Method as the Optimal Way of Rock Mass Treating in Polish Copper Mines

Grzegorz shaft is the first mine shaft sunk in 21st century in Silesian Coal Basin in USA of ground freezing method. Work carried out by Shaft Sinking Company (PBSz S.A.) is characterized by high level of innovativeness. Geophysical measurements were conducted to find directions of optimization of ground freezing process and its monitoring. Data gathered during research is a starting point for finding directions of optimization of particular fields during Grzegorz shaft sinking, as well as to be used in future similar ventures. Proposed solutions might have bring real improvements for safety and effectiveness of work and also for economic factors. Conducted tests and analysis aim at improvement of monitoring of shape, size and quality of frozen rock mass column in a safe and reliable manner.

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Slope stability investigation at Gaspé copper mines

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t77-050 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

V. J. Hucka ◽

J. G. Levaque ◽

M. Allard

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Rock Mass ◽

Slope Stability ◽

Mining Operation ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Ore Body ◽

Copper Mines ◽

Slope Design

In view of the extensive open pit mining operation at Gaspé Copper Mines Limited, Murdochville, Quebec, a study of an optimum slope design was felt necessary. This paper describes the different steps of the slope stability project: origin and organization to achieve an optimum design. The various phases of the project were: survey of the ore body and topography, investigation of physico-mechanical properties of rocks, structural geological mapping, groundwater study, and detailed study of structural weaknesses. The results were subsequently used to analyse different modes of possible failure of rock mass. The information obtained is being used in redesigning the Copper Mountain pit.

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Methods for making stereoslides and -prints, with freeze-etched olfactory epithelium as example

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113408 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 704-705

Author(s):

Bert Ph. M. Menco ◽

Ido F. Menco ◽

Frans L.T. Verdonk

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Structural Features ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Freezing Method ◽

Respiratory Epithelia ◽

Three Dimensional Presentation

Previously we presented an extensive study of the distributions of intramembranous particles of structures in apical surfaces of nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelia of the Sprague-Dawley rat. For the same structures these distributions were compared in samples which were i) chemically fixed and cryo-protected with glycerol before cryo-fixation, after excision, and ii)ultra-rapidly frozen by means of the slam-freezing method. Since a three-dimensional presentation markedly improves visualization of structural features micrographs were presented as stereopairs. Two exposures were made by tiling the sample stage of the electron microscope 6° in either direction with an eucentric goniometer. The negatives (Agfa Pan 25 Professional) were reversed with Kodak Technical Pan Film 2415 developed in D76 1:1. The prints were made from these reversed negatives. As an example tight-junctional features of an olfactory supporting cell in a region where this cell conjoined with two other cells are presented (Fig. 1).

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