Introduction to Wax Deposition Experiments

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-123
Keyword(s):  
Wax Deposition

DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WAX DEPOSITION IN PIPE SECTIONS FOR PIGGING TESTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEYDISON GONZAGA DEMETINO ◽  
Iuri Muniz Pepe ◽  
Ivanoé João Rodowanski ◽  
Luiz Carlos Soares Junior
Keyword(s):  
Wax Deposition

Study of the causes for wax deposition under the operating conditions of main oil pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Rustam Z. Sunagatullin ◽  
◽  
Rinat M. Karimov ◽  
Radmir R. Tashbulatov ◽  
Boris N. Mastobaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Thermobaric Conditions ◽  
Wall Zone ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Commercial Oil

The results of investigations of the main causes and the most significant factors of intensification of paraffin deposition in main oil pipelines are presented. A comprehensive analysis of the composition and properties of commercial oils and their sediments was carried out, according to which phase diagrams of equilibrium of oil dispersed systems were obtained using the example of commercial oils from Bashkir fields. Based on the phase diagrams, a curve of wax oil saturation was constructed, the analysis of which confirms that the existing thermobaric conditions during the operation of main oil pipelines do not allow transporting oil without the risk of waxing. It was noted a special influence of the value of the temperature gradient in the near-wall zone and the imbalance of the ratio of high-molecular oil components in commercial batches formed in the process of joint pumping on the intensity of waxing of sections of oil pipelines complicated by deposits, which was confirmed by statistical data on the frequency of pigging. The regularities obtained in this way are proposed to be used as an express method for predicting complications associated with intensive waxing of main oil pipelines. In order to quickly assess the risks of waxing of sections of main oil pipelines, an indicator is introduced that characterizes the ratio of the content of solid paraffins to the total content of resins and asphaltenes of oil, called the criterion of instability of a commercial oil batch.

Selection of effective wax (deposition) inhibitors to oil production and transportation at the Kondinskoye oil field

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
E. N. Skvortsova ◽  
O. P. Deryugina
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Asphaltene Precipitation ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pilot Tests

The article discusses the results of a study on the selection of wax inhibitors that can be used at the Kondinskoye oil field during transportation and dehydration of the emulsion.Asphaltene precipitation is one of the most serious issues in oil production. The experiment was conducted in order to select the most effective wax inhibitors. We have carried out laboratory tests to choose the most effective wax inhibitor in the conditions of oil production, collection, preparation and external transport systems at the Kondinskoye oil field. Based on the data obtained, wax inhibitor-2, wax inhibitor-4, and wax inhibitor-6 have shown the best results in ensuring the efficiency of inhibition, which should be at least 70 %, and, therefore, they can be allowed to pilot tests. The recommended initial dosage of inhibitors according to the results obtained during pilot tests should be at least 500 g/t of oil.

Critical review on wax deposition in single-phase flow

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 120358
Author(s):  
Charlie van der Geest ◽  
Aline Melchuna ◽  
Letícia Bizarre ◽  
Antonio C. Bannwart ◽  
Vanessa C.B. Guersoni
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Wax Deposition

scholarly journals Dissecting the Roles of Cuticular Wax in Plant Resistance to Shoot Dehydration and Low-Temperature Stress in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Tawhidur Rahman ◽  
Mingxuan Shao ◽  
Shankar Pahari ◽  
Prakash Venglat ◽  
Raju Soolanayakanahally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Dehydration Stress ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Cuticular waxes are a mixture of hydrophobic very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives accumulated in the plant cuticle. Most studies define the role of cuticular wax largely based on reducing nonstomatal water loss. The present study investigated the role of cuticular wax in reducing both low-temperature and dehydration stress in plants using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and transgenic genotypes altered in the formation of cuticular wax. cer3-6, a known Arabidopsis wax-deficient mutant (with distinct reduction in aldehydes, n-alkanes, secondary n-alcohols, and ketones compared to wild type (WT)), was most sensitive to water loss, while dewax, a known wax overproducer (greater alkanes and ketones compared to WT), was more resistant to dehydration compared to WT. Furthermore, cold-acclimated cer3-6 froze at warmer temperatures, while cold-acclimated dewax displayed freezing exotherms at colder temperatures compared to WT. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis identified a characteristic decrease in the accumulation of certain waxes (e.g., alkanes, alcohols) in Arabidopsis cuticles under cold acclimation, which was additionally reduced in cer3-6. Conversely, the dewax mutant showed a greater ability to accumulate waxes under cold acclimation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also supported observations in cuticular wax deposition under cold acclimation. Our data indicate cuticular alkane waxes along with alcohols and fatty acids can facilitate avoidance of both ice formation and leaf water loss under dehydration stress and are promising genetic targets of interest.

scholarly journals Role of Shearing Dispersion and Stripping in Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipelines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4325
Author(s):  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Yunfei Xu ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Zhimin Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Critical Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Shearing Mechanism

Wax deposition during crude oil transmission can cause a series of negative effects and lead to problems associated with pipeline safety. A considerable number of previous works have investigated the wax deposition mechanism, inhibition technology, and remediation methods. However, studies on the shearing mechanism of wax deposition have focused largely on the characterization of this phenomena. The role of the shearing mechanism on wax deposition has not been completely clarified. This mechanism can be divided into the shearing dispersion effect caused by radial migration of wax particles and the shearing stripping effect caused by hydrodynamic scouring. From the perspective of energy analysis, a novel wax deposition model was proposed that considered the flow parameters of waxy crude oil in pipelines instead of its rheological parameters. Considering the two effects of shearing dispersion and shearing stripping coexist, with either one of them being the dominant mechanism, a shearing dispersion flux model and a shearing stripping model were established. Furthermore, a quantitative method to distinguish between the roles of shearing dispersion and shearing stripping in wax deposition was developed. The results indicated that the shearing mechanism can contribute an average of approximately 10% and a maximum of nearly 30% to the wax deposition process. With an increase in the oil flow rate, the effect of the shearing mechanism on wax deposition is enhanced, and its contribution was demonstrated to be negative; shear stripping was observed to be the dominant mechanism. A critical flow rate was observed when the dominant effect changes. When the oil flow rate is lower than the critical flow rate, the shearing dispersion effect is the dominant effect; its contribution rate increases with an increase in the oil flow temperature. When the oil flow rate is higher than the critical flow rate, the shearing stripping effect is the dominant effect; its contribution rate increases with an increase in the oil flow temperature. This understanding can be used to design operational parameters of the actual crude oil pipelines and address the potential flow assurance problems. The results of this study are of great significance for understanding the wax deposition theory of crude oil and accelerating the development of petroleum industry pipelines.

scholarly journals Predicting wax deposition using robust machine learning techniques

Petroleum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menad Nait Amar ◽  
Ashkan Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi ◽  
Cuthbert Shang Wui Ng
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Learning Techniques
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