Rheological and geometrical reverse creep in salt caverns

2015 ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Creep ◽  
Salt Caverns

Beyond Smart Grid: Alternatives for Transmission and Low-Cost Firming Storage of Stranded Renewables as Hydrogen and Ammonia Fuels via Underground Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Leighty ◽  
John H. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Integration Problem ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Annual Scale ◽  
Very High

We must soon “run the world on renewables” but cannot, and should not try to, accomplish this entirely with electricity transmission. We need to supply all energy, not just electricity, from diverse renewable energy (RE) resources, both distributed and centralized, where the world’s richest RE resources — of large geographic extent and high intensity — are stranded: far from end-users with inadequate or nonexistent gathering and transmission systems to deliver the energy. Electricity energy storage cannot affordably firm large, intermittent renewables at annual scale, while carbon-free gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels can: GH2 in large solution-mined salt caverns, NH3 in surface tanks, both pressurized and refrigerated. “Smart Grid” is emerging as primarily a DSM (demand side management) strategy to encourage energy conservation. Making the electricity grid “smarter” does not: 1. Increase physical transmission capacity; 2. Provide affordable annual-scale firming storage for RE; 3. Solve grid integration problem for large, time-varying RE; 4. Alleviate NIMBY objections to new transmission siting; 5. Reduce the high O&M costs of overhead electric lines. The “smarter” grid may be more vulnerable to cyberattack. Adding storage, control, and quality adjunct devices to the electricity grid, to accommodate very high renewables content, may be technically and economically inferior to GH2 and NH3 RE systems. Thus, we need to look beyond “smart grid”, expanding our concept of “transmission”, to synergistically and simultaneously solve the transmission, firming storage, and RE integration “balancing” problems now severely constraining our progress toward “running the world on renewables”.

Pillar stability of salt caverns used for gas storage considering sedimentary rhythm of the interlayers

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 103229
Author(s):  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Zhenshuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Storage ◽  
Pillar Stability ◽  
Salt Caverns

Healthy Caspian Experience helps Boost Drilling Performance in Turkey's Onshore UGS Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elchin Akbarli ◽  
Rufat Mammadbayli
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Execution Phase ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Salt Caverns

Abstract The company is executing an underground gas storage project at an unprecedented scale. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the execution methodology and technologies that the company employed to achieve within set deadlines and deliver the work on time and under the given budget. This paper, therefore will focus on outlining all planning, design as well as drilling & completions strategies utilized by the operating company during the execution phase. During Phase 2 of the project, the Drilling Contractor was engaged to deliver a total of 40 wells within a short period of time. These wells were planned to expand the total gas storage capacity at the Tuz Golu facility to ca. 5 bcm of natural gas stored in underground salt caverns. Tuz Golu wells are vertical with three (3) casing string wells. These land wells are big bore and commence from the installation of the 30″ conductor at a depth of 120m using a small 150-ton conductor rig. Pre-installation of conductors significantly helped accelerate the project delivery schedule. Main drilling operations commenced in January 2020. Since the structure wasn't fully explored in spite of 2D seismic work and the first phase operations, a number of wells drilled encountered no salt leading to their abandonment. As a result, the total duration of the project was consequently extended. Re-Engineering and lessons learned during execution helped deliver a successful learning curve in both drilling and completion operations. The strategy of the company to drill a well in stages of top hole, main drilling and the completion using multiple rig operations was successful, bringing an overall well time from 55 at the beginning of the project to 20 days per well. Thorough planning and design of the wells allowed the company to deliver the projects with well integrity, full suitable for gas storage operations. As a result, the project was executed on time and well within the planned budget thus delivering an excellent value to the stakeholders and main client. The Drilling Contractor has been proactive to employ this staged approach from the very beginning of the project. Irrespective of the delays the Drilling Contractor continued operations with the intermittent rig count of 4 to 8 rigs. A large scale operation demanded careful planning and continuous application of lessons learnt from the first phase which were successfully embedded and implemented.

scholarly journals Assessing Natural Gas Versus CO2 Potential Underground Storage Sites in Greece: A Pragmatic Approach †

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vagia Ioanna Makri ◽  
Spyridon Bellas ◽  
Vasilis Gaganis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Salt Caverns

Although subsurface traps have been regularly explored for hydrocarbon exploration, natural gas and CO2 storage has drawn industrial attention over the past few decades, thanks to the increasing demand for energy resources and the need for greenhouse gas mitigation. With only one depleted hydrocarbon field in Greece, saline aquifers, salt caverns and sedimentary basins ought to be evaluated in furtherance of the latter. Within this study the potential of the Greek subsurface for underground storage is discussed. An overview and re-evaluation of the so-far studied areas is implemented based on the available data. Lastly, a pragmatic approach for the storage potential in Greece was created, delineating gaps and risks in the already proposed sites. Based on the above details, a case study for CO2 storage is presented, which is relevant to the West Katakolo field saline aquifer.

scholarly journals Preliminary technical and legal evaluation of disposing of nonhazardous oil field waste into salt caverns

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Veil ◽  
D. Elcock ◽  
M. Raivel ◽  
D. Caudle ◽  
R.C. Jr. Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Salt Caverns
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