scholarly journals Frequency of Child Maltreatment in a Representative Sample of the German Population

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Benjamin Iffland ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Frank Neuner ◽  
Winfried Häuser ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
German Population

scholarly journals Frequency of child maltreatment in a representative sample of the German population

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Iffland ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Frank Neuner ◽  
Winfried Häuser ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
German Population

Association of Physical Morbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Representative Sample of Older German People

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
Markus A. Wirtz ◽  
Matthias Morfeld ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
Heide Glaesmer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
German Population ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract. The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey-12; SF-12) and patient-reported morbidity-related symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is analyzed in a representative sample of older people in the general German population. Data from 1,659 people aged 60 to 85 years were obtained. Latent class analysis identified six classes of patients, which optimally categorize clusters of physical symptoms the participants reported: musculoskeletal impairments (39.8%), healthy (25.7%), musculoskeletal and respiratory/cardiac impairments (12.8%), musculoskeletal and respiratory impairments, along with bowel and digestion problems (12.9%), general impairments (4.9%), and general impairments with no bowel and digestion problems (4.8%). The participants’ SF-12 Physical Health Scores (η2 = .39) and their Mental Health Scores (η2 = .28) are highly associated with these latent classes. These associations remain virtually identical after controlling for age. The results provide evidence that profiles of patient-reported physical impairments correspond strongly with reduced HRQoL independently from aging processes.

scholarly journals Violence against children and adolescents by nursing staff: prevalence rates and implications for practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Hoffmann ◽  
Vera Clemens ◽  
Elisa König ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
German Population ◽  
Inpatient Stay ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Pediatric Hospitals ◽  
Medical Institutions

Abstract Background International studies show that child maltreatment is a widespread but often underestimated problem that causes high individual, social and economic costs. Child maltreatment is an important topic for the medical sector as well. On the one hand, affected persons often seek support and help from healthcare professionals, but on the other hand, assaults can also occur in medical institutions by healthcare professionals. Surprisingly, there is hardly any data on the frequency of child maltreatment by healthcare professionals in general and particularly by nursing staff. Methods Therefore, in a large representative survey of the German population of 2,516 subjects aged between 14 and 91, the experience of child maltreatment in medical institutions by nursing staff was assessed retrospectively. Results Of the 46 subjects who had an inpatient stay in a child and adolescent psychiatry before the age of 18, 33.3% reported to have experienced maltreatment by nursing staff, while 17.3% of the 474 persons who had an inpatient stay in general or pediatric hospitals experienced maltreatment by nursing staff. All forms of maltreatment were significantly more frequent in psychiatric compared to general and pediatric hospitals. Conclusions The results of our representative retrospective survey demonstrate that maltreatment by nursing staff are not rare individual cases, but that medical facilities bear systemic risks for assault. Therefore, it is necessary that all medical institutions, in particular psychiatric hospitals, address this issue. In order to reduce the risk for assaults, it is important not only to implement structural measures but also to develop an attitude that emphasizes zero tolerance for violence against children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Describing associations between child maltreatment frequency and the frequency and timing of subsequent delinquent or criminal behaviors across development: variation by sex, sexual orientation, and race

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lantos ◽  
Andra Wilkinson ◽  
Hannah Winslow ◽  
Tyler McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Criminal Behaviors

Abstract Background Child maltreatment has been linked to lower health, education, and income later in life, and is associated with increased engagement in delinquent or criminal behaviors. This paper explores trajectories of these behaviors from adolescence into early adulthood and tests maltreatment as a predictor, and whether observed patterns are consistent across different demographic groups. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents (in grades 7–12 in the 1994–95 school year), we ran linear mixed effects models to estimate growth curves of two dependent variables: violent and nonviolent offending behavior. We tested if maltreatment altered the intercept or slope of the curves and how the curves of these behaviors and the associations between them and maltreatment varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Results The sample (n = 10,613) had equal proportions males and females, approximately one third identified as a race/ethnicity other than white, and over 10% were non-heterosexual. Experiences of maltreatment were highest for Native Americans and lowest for whites. Models indicated that males were more likely than females to engage in both violent and nonviolent offending and respondents who identified as non-heterosexual were more likely than their heterosexual peers to engage in nonviolent offending behavior. When maltreatment was included in models as a predictor, adolescents who experienced maltreatment had a more rapid increase in their non-violent offending behavior. For violent offending behavior, adolescents who experienced maltreatment had higher levels of offending and the levels progressively increased as maltreatment frequency did. Sex was a moderator; the relationship between maltreatment and predicted nonviolent offending was stronger for males than it was for females. Race/ethnicity and sexual orientation did not moderate the associations between maltreatment and offending behavior. Conclusions This study provides insights from a nationally representative sample into the pattern of both delinquent and criminal behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood, describing not only how the pattern varies over time, but also by sociodemographics and offending type. Additionally, it highlights how the association between maltreatment and these behaviors varies by both offending type and sex.

Investigating the Circumplex Structure of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hinz ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Peter Schmidt ◽  
Cornelia Albani
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
German Population ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Varimax Rotation

Abstract. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) comprises 10 basic values that guide behavior. The Schwartz model postulates that these 10 values build a circumplex structure. We examined the PVQ with respect to its dimensional structure using a representative sample (N = 1896) of the German population. The results of three widely used analyses were compared: multidimensional scaling, factorial analysis (with varimax rotation) of raw scores, and factorial analysis with ipsative values. Furthermore, rank correlations between the theoretically assumed circular distances and the empirical data were calculated. The analyses confirmed that the 10 dimensions of the PVQ can be depicted in a two-dimensional plane. However, the statistical techniques chosen yielded different arrangements of the 10 values in the plane. All statistical methods failed to confirm the circumplex structure postulated by Schwartz. Nevertheless, dimensions of higher order that condense the 10 dimensions can be derived for applications of the PVQ.

scholarly journals Messung von Arbeitsorientierungen: Theoretische Fundierung und Test alternativer kausaler Meßmodelle

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
German Population ◽  
The West ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Correspondence Rules

AbstractIn this paper we deal firstly with epistemological foundations of the process of operationalization in general and the character of correspondence rules in particular. After this we discuss the theoretical foundation of a scale for measuring work motivation. We explicate three different approaches, which can be used as a theoretical background for this scale. As a next step we specify and test different measurement theories relating the observable and the latent variables and compare their suitability. The sample used is a representative sample of the West-German population in 1980. Finally we test the stability of the best model in different age groups .

scholarly journals The prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in a representative sample of the German population

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Nestor D. Kapusta ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
German Population ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury
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