Ocular Ultrasound

Ocular Ultrasound in Alagille Syndrome

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30358-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ken K. Nischal ◽

Melanie Hingorani ◽

Christopher R. Bentley ◽

Anthony J. Vivian ◽

Alan C. Bird ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alagille Syndrome ◽

Ocular Ultrasound

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Ocular Echobiometry and Resistivity Index of External Ophthalmic Artery in Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha)

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.117025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Sabrina Barros Araújo ◽

Flávio Ribeiro Alves ◽

Gerson Tavares Pessoa ◽

Renan Paraguassu De Sá Rodrigues ◽

Laecio Da Silva Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Resistivity Index ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: Veterinary Ophthalmology provides complementary information for the diagnosis of ocular pathologies. Studies in wild species are essential. Among the diagnostic techniques in ophthalmology, two-dimensional ultrasonography stands out. The agouti is a rodent belonging to the Dasyproctidae family that has been widely used as an experimental model. For these animals, sight is one of the crucial senses for their survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the two-dimensional ocular ultrasound technique to obtain anatomical measurements and the external ophthalmic artery resistivity index, presumably normal in the species Dasyprocta prymnolopha.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty eye bulbs of 20 adult rodents of the species were evaluated by ultrasonography. In these animals, B-mode echobiometry was performed using the transpalpebral approach and the hemodynamic study of the external ophthalmic artery using the color Doppler technique. All examinations were initiated by the left eye bulb and all measurements were performed by only one examiner. The collected data related to echobiometry were analyzed using Bioest 5.0 for Windows. Initially, normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test for each parameter, then the paired t-test was performed, comparing right and left eyes, and a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05) was adopted. Based on the methodology used, the following values were obtained for the right and left eyeballs, respectively: anterior chamber thickness - mean of 1.28 ± 0.3 mm and 1.22 ± 0.1 mm; lens thickness - 8.27 ± 0.9 mm and 8.11 ± 0.9 mm; vitreous chamber thickness - 5.35 ± 0.48 mm and 5.30 ± 0.47 mm and axial length - 12.7 ± 0.9 mm and 13 ± 0.68 mm. The mean external ophthalmic artery resistivity values were 0.4305 ± 0.0390 and 0.4258 ± 0.0387 (right and left eye, respectively), characterizing a low resistance. There was no statistical difference between the right and left eyeballs in any of the studied parameters.Discussion: The use of the convex transducer was feasible, promoting adequate contact with the ocular surface and images of satisfactory quality for obtaining measurements, similar to what was observed in studies evaluating the ocular biometry of primates and dogs. The anterior chamber thickness values in this experiment did not differ statistically between the antimers, as well as observed for dogs. The data obtained for lens thickness did not differ statistically for antimers, like those obtained for other rodent species evaluated with the same methodology. The mean values of vitreous chamber thickness were like those observed in chinchillas but correspond to about half of that obtained for capybaras. In this study, the external ophthalmic artery was characterized in all animals, but obtaining the spectral tracing was difficult due to its fine caliber. In wild animals, and especially in wild rodents, there are few data reporting the resistivity of the ophthalmic artery, and there is a lack of studies, which can be explained by the behavioral characteristics of defense and by the high susceptibility to stress in capture, since the performing the technique requires, as in other procedures, the use of chemical containment.Keywords: Doppler flow, ultrasound, eye, agouti.

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Accuracy of ARFI elastography in the differentiation of cataract stages in dogs

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Thais G.M. Abreu ◽

Marjury C. Maronezi ◽

Ricardo A.R. Uscategui ◽

Fabiana L. Rocha ◽

Ivan R.M. Pádua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Cortical Region ◽

Blue Color ◽

Surgical Time ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Arfi Elastography ◽

Nuclear Regions ◽

Anterior Posterior

ABSTRACT: Objective was to evaluate the accuracy of elastography in the differentiation between normal and cataract lenses One hundred forty-five eyes of 98 dogs were divided into groups according to cataract stage. Forty-twoeyes were submitted to phacoemulsification. Biometric parameters, echogenicity and echotexture patterns of the anterior, posterior and vitreous chambers, lens and retina-choroid-sclera complexes were evaluated by ocular ultrasound in modes A and B. Deformability, and color (blue color = indicated less rigid structures, color red = more rigid structures) of the lenses were evaluated by the elastogram. The shear wave velocity (SWV; m/s) was calculated in three regions of the lens, both in the cortex and in the nucleus. The SWV of nucleus was statistically different between the normal lenses and with cataracts, and between the stages of cataract (P<0.001). Healthy lenses and incipient cataracts had a more rigid nucleus. Mature cataracts presented lowest nuclear rigidity (P<0.001). On cortical region the SWV was significantly higher (P<0.01) in intumescent and incipient cataracts. SWV less than 2.67m/s indicates cataract with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 94%. Values lower than 2.23m/s suggest mature cataract, with sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 76%. SWV greater than 2.66 m/s are associated with normal lenses or incipient cataract, presenting sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84%. Qualitative method allowed differentiation between healthy and affected lenses and the classification of evolutionary stages. There was a correlation between the degree of stiffness of lens in cortical and nuclear regions (p=00165, r=0.37) and between the balanced saline solution quantitative and surgical time (P<0.01, r=0.73). Degree of stiffness of lens did not correlate with parameters of phacoemulsification. Elastographic proved feasible for evaluating the lens of dogs, characterizing the types of cataracts, and demonstrating increased stiffness of the diseased lenses.

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Retrobulbar Cryptococcoma Mimicking Tumor in a Labrador Retriever

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.114234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Luiz da Cunha Brito ◽

Eduardo Perlmann ◽

Jéssica Naiara Voitena ◽

Andrea Kuner ◽

Rayssa Dias Faleiro

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Olfactory Bulb ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Frontal Bone ◽

Labrador Retriever ◽

Dorsal Region ◽

Fungal Propagules ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Orbital Wall ◽

History Of

Background: Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycotic disease caused by encapsulated yeasts C. neoformans and C. gattii. Cryptococcus neoformans is predominantly found in soils and feces of pigeons and psittacids. Infection occurs mainly through the respiratory tract, through the inspiration of fungal propagules (basidiospores and/or desiccated yeast cells). The main lesions observed are in the nasal cavity and lungs, but in dogs, the central nervous system and eyes are widely affected. Despite some previously mentioned reports, the retrobulbar form has not been described in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a case of retrobulbar cryptococcoma mimetizing a tumor in a young bitch. Case: A 2-year-old female Labrador Retriever, was admitted to one Veterinary Hospital with exophthalmia on the left eye for 15 days and other signs included negative retropulsion, mydriasis, and abscence of menace and pupillary reflexes. Ocular ultrasound imaging revealed a hyperecotic and heterogeneous retrobulbar mass in the mid-dorsal region compressing the optic nerve. Computed tomography of the skull showed the presence of proliferation of neoplastic tissue in a locally invasive retrobulbar region promoting moderate rostrolateral displacement of the left ocular bulb, discrete osthelysis in maxillary bone, palatine, medial wall of the orbital bone and frontal bone, with destruction of cribiform plate adjacent to the dorsal region of the orbital wall and presence of mild contrast uptake in the region of the left olfactory bulb lobe, characterizing a picture compatible with neoplasia with malignancy and locally invasive characteristics. Exenteration and excision of part of the frontal bone were performed and histopathological examination revealed granulation with the presence of fibroblasts and numerous typical blastoconidia of Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with Itraconazole [10 mg/kg, v.o, SID, for 90 days] and one year after diagnosis, X-ray was performed to control the lesion and radiographic aspects were within normal limits.Discussion: Cryptococcus sp. is an environmental fungus that has the potential to be pathogenic to humans and animals. Fungus present as a basidiospores in pigeon droppings. The patient described had a history of contact with free-living pigeons, making it a risk factor for the occurrence of cryptococcosis, being the possible cause of the infection. In dogs, the disease is mainly described in immunosuppressed animals, which was not the case of the patient, who presented clinical and laboratory results within the normal range and without a previous history of use of immunosuppressants. The alterations described in the computed tomography, such as destruction of the cribriform plate adjacent to the dorsal region of the left orbital wall and the presence of slight contrast uptake in the left olfactory bulb lobe region, are compatible with the main entry point for propagules of Cryptococcus sp. In the present case, no periocular and ocular alterations were observed as described in the literature, and the lesion was restricted to the retrobulbar space. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a neoformation mimicking a malignant neoplasm and the diagnosis of cryptococcoma was revealed by histopathology. Based on the present case, cytology through aspiration of retrobulbal neoformations is imperative as a diagnostic method, especially in endemic areas for fungal diseases that can mimic ocular neoplasms. Keywords: cryptococcosis, fungus, Cryptococcus sp., dog. Descritores: criptococose, fungo, Cryptococcus sp., cão.

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Clinical Emergency Radiology ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511551734.022 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 325-329

Author(s):

Zareth Irwin

Keyword(s):

Ocular Ultrasound

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Abstract 334: Point-Of-Care Ultrasound in the Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.140.suppl_2.334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Pavitra Kotini-Shah ◽

Sarah E Kim ◽

Richard Gordon ◽

Benjamin Karfunkle ◽

Pratik B Doshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽

Small Sample ◽

Optic Nerve Sheath ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Nerve Sheath ◽

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Linear Probe

Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic injury from cardiac arrest may cause cerebral edema, leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain tissue damage. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is associated with elevated ICP. Limited clinical studies have reported ONSD changes in the early post-resuscitation time frame. We sought to evaluate the utility of bedside ocular ultrasound measurements in the assessment of post-cardiac arrest brain injury. Methods: We studied adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrests treated at an urban academic ED and achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) between May 2018 to May 2019. We included witnessed and unwitnessed arrest as well as shockable and non-shockable rhythms. After ROSC, trained emergency physicians performed bedside ultrasonographic assessment of bilateral ONSD at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours using an ocular preset on a 15MHz linear probe. ONSD measurements at these time frames were compared between groups stratified by rhythm type and neurological outcome. Cerebral performance category (CPC) was measured at 72 hours and at discharge. Results: Out of 48 eligible patients, 15 were excluded from the study due to lack of consent or available ultrasound images. We included 33 patients, of which 11 were female and 22 were male, with a median age of 57 (IQR 20). There were 19 with an initial rhythm of asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA), 9 with ventricular fibrillation arrests, and 5 with an unclear rhythm. At 1 hour, patients with CPC 1-2 had smaller ONSD compared to patients with CPC 3-5 (5.5mm vs 6.1mm, p=0.03). At 72 hour, patients with CPC score of 1-2 had an average reduction in ONSD of 1.6mm verses 0.29mm increase in patients with CPC 3-5. Despite small sample size, a trend towards higher ONSD were seen in patients with non-shockable vs shockable rhythm. Females were also consistently found to have smaller ONSD measurements in all time periods compared to males. Conclusions: This is the first study in the USA to perform analysis using ONSD measurements in cardiac arrest patients. Preliminary analysis of this on-going pilot revealed a greater improvement in ONSD diameters in patients with a favorable neurological outcome. OSND may have utility in prognostication of the post-arrest state.

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Comparison of Ocular Ultrasound Versus SD-OCT for Imaging of the Posterior Vitreous Status in Patients With DME

Ophthalmic Surgery Lasers and Imaging Retina ◽

10.3928/23258160-20200401-07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. S50-S53

Author(s):

Bernardete Pessoa ◽

João Coelho ◽

Luísa Malheiro ◽

Diana José ◽

Saúl Pires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ocular Ultrasound ◽

Sd Oct

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