Precious Water: Impact of Drought on Farming Communities in Southwest Kansas

2015 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Elke Weesjes ◽  
with Hagler-Geard
Keyword(s):  
Water Impact ◽  
Farming Communities

Transforming the Rural Agricultural Landscape Through Groundwater Optimisation: Exploring A Chinese-South African Partnership

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Dorasamy ◽  
Olayemi Bakre
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

The majority of the South African rural populace is directly or indirectly engaged in agricultural practices to earn a livelihood. However, impediments such as climate change, water shortages, and inadequacy of institutional support have undermined these once thriving subsistence farming communities. Furthermore, poor leadership in hydrology, coupled with a lack of depth in skills at all government levels to facilitate the understanding of the importance of groundwater, has made it near impossible for subsistence farmers to benefit optimally from groundwater. The 2012 drought experienced in South Africa paralysed several subsistence farming communities in KwaZulu-Natal. To revamp subsistence farming and assist these farmers across South Africa, the Department of Water and Sanitation launched interventions, but despite the enormous resources expended, indicators (e.g. unsustainable farming practices, poor crop yield, pitiable living conditions, and poor standards of living) provide evidence that these interventions have not yielded the desired results. This paper seeks to suggest practicable interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of subsistence farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. The study pursued a qualitative approach in that it solicited the views of experts on groundwater and in related fields to gain an in-depth perspective. Some of the core challenges undermining the sustainability and growth of subsistence farming in the study area were found to be the inadequacy of experts on groundwater, water shortages, institutional deficiencies, lack of political will, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Pragmatic recommendations are made to address these challenges, among other things to encourage a South African-Chinese partnership in the hydrology sector.

Computation of the Bow Deck Design Pressure against the Green Water Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Yong Jig Kim ◽  
Ki-Seok Shin ◽  
Seung-Chul Lee ◽  
Youngrok Ha ◽  
Sa Young Hong
Keyword(s):  
Green Water ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Design Pressure

6600–6000 cal BC Abrupt Climate Change and Neolithic Dispersal from West Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Weninger ◽  
Lee Clare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Anatolian Plateau ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
New Hypothesis

Recent advances in palaeoclimatological and meteorological research, combined with new radiocarbon data from western Anatolia and southeast Europe, lead us to formulate a new hypothesis for the temporal and spatial dispersal of Neolithic lifeways from their core areas of genesis. The new hypothesis, which we term the Abrupt Climate Change (ACC) Neolithization Model, incorporates a number of insights from modern vulnerability theory. We focus here on the Late Neolithic (Anatolian terminology), which is followed in the Balkans by the Early Neolithic (European terminology). From high-resolution 14C-case studies, we infer an initial (very rapid) west-directed movement of early farming communities out of the Central Anatolian Plateau towards the Turkish Aegean littoral. This move is exactly in phase (decadal scale) with the onset of ACC conditions (~6600 cal BC). Upon reaching the Aegean coastline, Neolithic dispersal comes to a halt. It is not until some 500 years later—that is, at the close of cumulative ACC and 8.2 ka cal BP Hudson Bay cold conditions—that there occurs a second abrupt movement of farming communities into Southeast Europe, as far as the Pannonian Basin. The spread of early farming from Anatolia into eastern Central Europe is best explained as Neolithic communities’ mitigation of biophysical and social vulnerability to natural (climate-induced) hazards.

Water impact of a surface-patterned disk

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyun Kim ◽  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Daegyoum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Impact

Abstract

A three-dimensional immersed boundary method based on an algebraic forcing-point-searching scheme for water impact problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 109189
Author(s):  
Bin Yan ◽  
Wei Bai ◽  
Sheng-Chao Jiang ◽  
Peiwen Cong ◽  
Dezhi Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immersed Boundary Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Boundary Method ◽  
Impact Problems

In the light of new data: The population of the first farming communities in the eastern Marmara region

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-77
Author(s):  
M. Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg ◽  
Jacob Roodenberg
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Attitude Toward Death ◽  
Early Farmers

AbstractFollowing on from a few decades of osteological analysis this study presents an assessment of the data retrieved from human population samples provided by four early farming sites, namely Ilıpınar, Menteşe, Barcın and Aktopraklık, located in the lake basins southeast of the Sea of Marmara. It highlights various aspects of that population such as demographic data, health, trauma, and ancient people’s attitude toward death. The research aims to identify and discuss similarities and dissimilarities between the studied Neolithic settlements in this region, especially with regard to paleo-demographic data and the use of violence. With exception of a small group of burials at Aktopraklık that contrasted with regular inhumations, it seems that mortuary practices barely differed from one community to another, and transcended across regional boundaries. The use of wooden planks covering the bottom of grave pits, which were first discovered at Ilıpınar, may serve as an example. Early farmers of the eastern Marmara region suffered mostly from joint diseases and degenerative arthritis. Their life expectancy was similar for adults of both sexes, at between 25–40 years, while two of the four communities showed high infant mortality.

scholarly journals Socio-economic adaptation strategy of farming communities after natural disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 681 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
H Sultan ◽  
I Abubakar ◽  
S Y C Arfah ◽  
Sulaeman ◽  
E B Demmallino
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Economic Adaptation

scholarly journals A Fragile Network: Effecting Hail Insurance in Britain, 1840–1900

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
SAMUEL RANDALLS ◽  
JAMES KNEALE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Products ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Insurance Product ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Insurance Business

Hail insurance in Britain emerged as a product by and for farming communities, expanding as wheat production rose in the mid-nineteenth century before declining in the latter decades of the century amidst wide-scale conversion from arable to livestock farming. Drawing on detailed research conducted in the remaining archives of the three major hail insurers in this period, we demonstrate the challenges of establishing a new insurance product for farmers. We argue that to make hail insurance effective, the insurance company’s central office collated and circulated information, rules, and paperwork to enable it to govern farmers, agents, and valuers at a distance. Such networks were fragile and required continual maintenance, whether to enhance reputation, manage farmers’ requests for new products, enforce rules, or tinker with rates in response to perceived risks and competitive pressures. Conceptualizing this emerging insurance business as a fragile network is a useful device demonstrating that paperwork, the governing of actors, and personal rivalries are as important as broader economic changes in explaining the development of a novel insurance product in this period.

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