Human Brain Stimulation with Transcranial Ultrasound: Potential Applications for Mental Health

2014 ◽  
pp. 376-383
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Ultrasound ◽  
Potential Applications

Sherrington's Loom

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. McComas
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Neurological Patients

‘Sherrington’s Loom’ provides a historical account of the research that has led to recognition of key mechanisms underlying consciousness. Evidence is assembled from a rich variety of sources–neurological patients, animal behavior, laboratory studies and, especially, brain stimulation and recording in humans and animals. Among the remarkable advances in the field has been the ability to identify nerve cells in the human brain that store memories of specific people, places and objects. In addition to dealing with the issue of ‘free will,’ the book assembles the information into possible working schemes for sensations, intentions and actions. The book concludes by considering the possibility of consciousness in artificially intelligent systems.

scholarly journals First evidence of long-term effects of transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) on the human brain

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Matt ◽  
Lisa Kaindl ◽  
Saskia Tenk ◽  
Anicca Egger ◽  
Teodora Kolarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Pulse Stimulation

Abstract Background With the high spatial resolution and the potential to reach deep brain structures, ultrasound-based brain stimulation techniques offer new opportunities to non-invasively treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about long-term effects of ultrasound-based brain stimulation. Applying a longitudinal design, we comprehensively investigated neuromodulation induced by ultrasound brain stimulation to provide first sham-controlled evidence of long-term effects on the human brain and behavior. Methods Twelve healthy participants received three sham and three verum sessions with transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) focused on the cortical somatosensory representation of the right hand. One week before and after the sham and verum TPS applications, comprehensive structural and functional resting state MRI investigations and behavioral tests targeting tactile spatial discrimination and sensorimotor dexterity were performed. Results Compared to sham, global efficiency significantly increased within the cortical sensorimotor network after verum TPS, indicating an upregulation of the stimulated functional brain network. Axial diffusivity in left sensorimotor areas decreased after verum TPS, demonstrating an improved axonal status in the stimulated area. Conclusions TPS increased the functional and structural coupling within the stimulated left primary somatosensory cortex and adjacent sensorimotor areas up to one week after the last stimulation. These findings suggest that TPS induces neuroplastic changes that go beyond the spatial and temporal stimulation settings encouraging further clinical applications.

Illness perceptions in mental health: Issues and potential applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Petrie ◽  
Elizabeth Broadbent ◽  
Robert Kydd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Potential Applications

Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wagner ◽  
Antoni Valero-Cabre ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Stimulation

scholarly journals Targeting Arousal and Sleep through Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Improve Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Tim Geiser ◽  
Elisabeth Hertenstein ◽  
Kristoffer Fehér ◽  
Jonathan G. Maier ◽  
Carlotta L. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

scholarly journals Telepsychiatry and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health in Post-COVID-19 India: A Scoping Review on Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
Thenral M ◽  
Arunkumar Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Potential Applications

Background: COVID-19 has a profound impact on people with existing mental disorders, augmenting the prevailing inequalities in mental health. Methods: In order to understand the status of telepsychiatry in India and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental health and its potential applications, a scoping review was done between March 2020 and May 2020. The literature review revealed 253 papers, which were used to derive the primary framework for analysis. The information was then reviewed for ideas and concepts, which were integrated with evidence from gray literature and categorized under broader themes based on the insights derived. Finally, a thematic framework was developed for discussion to tailor scientific information for decision-makers’ needs. Results: Review findings are summarized under the following headings: changing patterns of health-seeking behavior, origin and evolution of telepsychiatry, possible applications of telepsychiatry and AI, technological features, and AI models in mental health. Conclusions: Though there are several potential opportunities, the time is not yet ripe for telepsychiatry and AI to be adopted fully in the field of mental health care. But it is time that we develop indigenous proprietary technology and test and validate it. With many solutions offered by telepsychiatry and AI, psychiatrists must choose an appropriate tool based on their requirements, availability of resources, and feasibility of deployment. Harmony between conventional care and technology-based care must be reached gradually.

scholarly journals Modeling Individual Differences in Brain Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrik Becht ◽  
Kathryn L. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Human Brain Development ◽  
Health Disorders

Within the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience there is an increasing interest in studying individual differences in human brain development in order to predict mental health outcomes. So far, however, most longitudinal neuroimaging studies focus on group-level estimates. In this review, we highlight longitudinal neuroimaging studies that have moved beyond group-level estimates to illustrate the heterogeneity in patterns of brain development. We provide practical methodological recommendations on how longitudinal neuroimaging datasets can be used to understand heterogeneity in human brain development. Finally, we address how taking an individual-differences approach in developmental neuroimaging studies could advance our understanding of why some individuals develop mental health disorders.

scholarly journals Raman imaging and statistical methods for analysis various type of human brain tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kopec ◽  
Maciej Blaszczyk ◽  
Maciej Radek ◽  
Halina Abramczyk
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Human Brain Tumor ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Oncological Diagnostics

Spectroscopic methods provide information on the spatial localization of biochemical components based on the analysis of vibrational spectra. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging can be used to analyze various types of human brain tissue. The objective of this study is employment of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging to evaluate the Raman biomarkers to distinguish tumor types. We have demonstrated that bands characteristic for carotenoids (1156 cm-1, 1520 cm-1), proteins (1004 cm-1), fatty acids (1444 cm-1, 1655 cm-1) and cytochrome (1585 cm-1) can be used as universal biomarkers to distinguish aggressiveness in human brain tumor. The sensitivity and specificity obtained from PLS-DA have been over 85%. Only for pituitary adenoma the specificity is lower and takes equal 46%. The presented results confirm the potential applications of vibrational spectroscopy methods in oncological diagnostics.

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