Mechanisms of Action of Antifungal Agents

2015 ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Stephanie Flowers ◽  
P Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Azole Antifungal Agents

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sheehan ◽  
Christopher A. Hitchcock ◽  
Carol M. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing

SUMMARY Major developments in research into the azole class of antifungal agents during the 1990s have provided expanded options for the treatment of many opportunistic and endemic fungal infections. Fluconazole and itraconazole have proved to be safer than both amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Despite these advances, serious fungal infections remain difficult to treat, and resistance to the available drugs is emerging. This review describes present and future uses of the currently available azole antifungal agents in the treatment of systemic and superficial fungal infections and provides a brief overview of the current status of in vitro susceptibility testing and the growing problem of clinical resistance to the azoles. Use of the currently available azoles in combination with other antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action is likely to provide enhanced efficacy. Detailed information on some of the second-generation triazoles being developed to provide extended coverage of opportunistic, endemic, and emerging fungal pathogens, as well as those in which resistance to older agents is becoming problematic, is provided.

scholarly journals Antifungal Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Patrick McCarty ◽  
Peter G. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Mycology ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Advanced Stages

In many ways, fungal diseases are forgotten or neglected. Given the significantly lower frequency compared to similar bacterial etiologies across the spectrum of infectious syndromes, it makes sense that anti-bacterial agents have seen the bulk of development in recent decades. The vast majority of new antifungal medications approved for use in the past 10 years have been new versions in the same class as existing agents. Clinical mycology is crying out for new mechanisms of action in the setting of rising resistance and emergence of new organisms. Fortunately, this trend appears to be reversing. There are numerous agents in advanced stages of development offering novel dosing regimens and mechanisms of action to combat these threats. Herein we review seven antifungal agents that we hope to see come to market in the coming years to aid physicians in the treatment of mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections.

scholarly journals Marine-Derived Compounds and Prospects for Their Antifungal Application

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5856
Author(s):  
Joana Cardoso ◽  
Darlan Gonçalves Nakayama ◽  
Emília Sousa ◽  
Eugénia Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
New Strategies

The introduction of antifungals in clinical practice has an enormous impact on the provision of medical care, increasing the expectancy and quality of life mainly of immunocompromised patients. However, the emergence of pathogenic fungi that are resistant and multi-resistant to the existing antifungal therapy has culminated in fungal infections that are almost impossible to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new strategies. The marine environment has proven to be a promising rich resource for the discovery and development of new antifungal compounds. Thus, this review summarizes more than one hundred marine natural products, or their derivatives, which are categorized according to their sources—sponges, bacteria, fungi, and sea cucumbers—as potential candidates as antifungal agents. In addition, this review focus on recent developments using marine antifungal compounds as new and effective approaches for the treatment of infections caused by resistant and multi-resistant pathogenic fungi and/or biofilm formation; other perspectives on antifungal marine products highlight new mechanisms of action, the combination of antifungal and non-antifungal agents, and the use of nanoparticles and anti-virulence therapy.

Mechanisms of Action of Antifungal Agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 777-788
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Rybak ◽  
P. David Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

Antifungal agents: mechanisms of action

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Odds ◽  
Alistair J.P. Brown ◽  
Neil A.R. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

scholarly journals Anti-Infective Antibody-Derived Peptides Active against Endogenous and Exogenous Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Laura Giovati ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
Walter Magliani
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Encoding Genes

Mycoses still represent relevant opportunistic infections worldwide, although overshadowed in recent years by other severe and more widespread infections. Moreover, deep-seated mycoses are often accompanied by unacceptably high mortality rates. Etiologic agents include endogenous components of the mycobiota, Candida and Malassezia species above all, and exogenous species, both yeasts and filamentous fungi. Old and new fungal pathogens are increasingly characterized by resistance to the existing antifungal agents, making imperative the search for effective and safe new therapeutics. Among the candidate molecules proposed in recent decades, synthetic peptides derived from the complementarity determining and constant regions of diverse antibodies (Abs), as well as the translated products of Ab-encoding genes, have proved of considerable interest. Their anti-infective activities, regardless of the specificity and isotype of the originating Ab, will be briefly presented and discussed in the light of their different mechanisms of action. Intriguing suggestions on the possible function of Abs after their half-life will be presented, following the recent detection, in human serum, of an antimicrobial Ab-derived peptide. Overall, Abs could represent a source of biologically active, highly flexible peptides, devoid of detectable toxicity, which can be easily synthesized and manipulated to be used, alone or in association with already available drugs, for new anti-infective strategies.

Oral treatment options for onychomycosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 520-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Curative Treatment

The author discusses the new oral antifungal agents for the treatment of onychomycosis. The history, mechanisms of action, efficacies, dosing, safety profiles, and costs of itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole are reviewed. The author emphasizes that use of these effective antifungals represents an important paradigm shift for podiatric physicians away from the palliative therapy of nail debridement to a potentially curative treatment.

A New 1,2-Benzisoxazolin-3-one Synthetized from Eugenol Shows anti-Candida spp. Activity, Specially Against Opportunistic Candida glabrata

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Maciel Fregnan ◽  
Antonio Ávila Fernandes Júnior ◽  
Dalila Junqueira Alvarenga ◽  
Josidel Conceição Oliver ◽  
Naiara Chaves Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
New Compounds

Background: In view of the need of discovering new antifungal agents, the synthesis of compounds comprising new structural scaffolds is an important approach, since they may act by new mechanisms of action and overcome resistance issues. Objective: Synthesis of new 1,2-benzisoxazolin-3-ones inspired in eugenol and ebselen as new antifungal agents against Candida spp. Methods: The series of 1,2-benzisoxazolin-3-ones based on eugenol and analogues was synthetized by the cyclization of the respective hydroxamic acids under Mitsunobu conditions. IR, NMR and MS spectroscopies characterized the synthetized compounds. The final products were screened for their antifungal activity against five Candida spp. using microdilution assays and cytotoxicity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT method. Results: The products were obtained in good yields and the results showed that most of the synthesized compounds were better antifungal agents than eugenol against the Candida species evaluated and that the derivative IVd (IC50 53 μmol L-1) showed activity comparable to fluconazole against C. glabrata. Moreover, IVd showed the best selectivity profile among the synthesized new compounds. Conclusion: A new 1,2-benzisoxazolin-3-one (IVd) was obtained as a promising candidate for the development of new antifungal agents based on a new chemical scaffold.

Case Formulation and Design of Behavioral Treatment Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Haynes ◽  
Andrew E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Causal Variables

Summary: We review the rationale for behavioral clinical case formulations and emphasize the role of the functional analysis in the design of individualized treatments. Standardized treatments may not be optimally effective for clients who have multiple behavior problems. These problems can affect each other in complex ways and each behavior problem can be influenced by multiple, interacting causal variables. The mechanisms of action of standardized treatments may not always address the most important causal variables for a client's behavior problems. The functional analysis integrates judgments about the client's behavior problems, important causal variables, and functional relations among variables. The functional analysis aids treatment decisions by helping the clinician estimate the relative magnitude of effect of each causal variable on the client's behavior problems, so that the most effective treatments can be selected. The parameters of, and issues associated with, a functional analysis and Functional Analytic Clinical Case Models (FACCM) are illustrated with a clinical case. The task of selecting the best treatment for a client is complicated because treatments differ in their level of specificity and have unequally weighted mechanisms of action. Further, a treatment's mechanism of action is often unknown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document