Biocatalysts: Global Market, Industrial Applications, Aspects of Biotransformation Design, and Societal Challenges

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Societal Challenges

MODIFICATION OF POLYBUTADIENE RUBBER: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parashiva Prabhu C. ◽  
Subhra Mohanty ◽  
Virendra Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Reactivity Ratios ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

ABSTRACT Developments in modification of polybutadiene rubber (PBR) using various reagents and catalysts have been reviewed. Hydrogenation and functionalization occurring at the site of unsaturation along chain length are discussed. Hydrogenation involving various metal catalyzed processes is discussed. Suitable conditions that are effective during hydrogenation and functionalization are mentioned in this article. Reactivity ratios associated with microstructures of polybutadiene rubber and possible mechanisms involved are described in the review. The importance of reaction conditions during reactivity and their impact on product properties are highlighted. A specific method that needs to be adopted in order to achieve expected product properties is discussed. Various industrial applications of modified PBR and their commercial products in the global market are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Pectinase Production byBacillus subtilis strain Btk 27in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliyad Jeilu Oumer ◽  
Dawit Abate
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pectinase Production

The request for enzymes in the global market is expected to rise at a fast pace in recent years. With this regard, there has been a great increase in industrial applications of pectinase owing to their significant biotechnological uses. This study was undertaken with main objectives of meeting the growing industrial demands of pectinase, by improving the yield without increasing the cost of production. In addition, this research highlights the underestimated potential of agroresidues for the production of biotechnologically important products. In this study, the maximum pectinase production attained was using wheat bran, among the tested agroresidues. The production of pectinase was improved from 10.1 ± 1.4 U/ml to 66.3 ± 1.2 U/ml in submerged fermentation whereas it was in solid state fermentation from 800.0 ± 16.2 U/g to 1272.4 ± 25.5 U/g. The maximum pectinase production was observed using YEP (submerged fermentation) and wheat bran (solid state fermentation) at initial pH of 6.5, at 37°C and by supplementing the medium with 3 mM MgSO4.7H2O.

Bacillus velezensis Identification and Recombinant Expression, Purification and Characterization of Its Alpha-Amylase

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Caixia Li ◽  
Xuantong Chen ◽  
Chonlong Chio ◽  
Sarita Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Modeled Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Molecular Weight ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Triton X

Amylases account for about 30% of the global market of industrial enzymes, and the current amylases cannot fully meet industrial needs. This study aimed to identify a high α-amylase producing bacterium WangLB, to clone its α-amylase coding gene, and to characterize the α-amylase. Results showed that WangLB belonged to Bacillus velezensis whose α-amylase gene was 1980 bp coding 659 amino acids designated as BvAmylase. BvAmylase was a hydrophilic stable protein with a signal peptide and a theoretical pI of 5.49. The relative molecular weight of BvAmylase was 72.35 kDa, and was verified by SDS-PAGE. Its modeled structure displayed that it was a monomer composed of three domains. Its optimum temperature and pH were 70 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. It also showed high activity in a wide range of temperatures (40–75 °C) and a relatively narrow pH (5.0–7.0). It was a Ca2+-independent enzyme, whose α-amylase activity was increased by Co2+, Tween 20, and Triton X-100, and severely decreased by SDS. The Km and the Vmax of BvAmylase were 3.43 ± 0.53 and 434.19 ± 28.57 U/mg. In conclusion, the α-amylase producing bacterium WangLB was identified, and one of its α-amylases was characterized, which will be a candidate enzyme for industrial applications.

Welding of Stainless Steel - A Heavy Engineering Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
Krishnan Sivaraman ◽  
Dileep Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Submerged Arc

Stainless steels are engineering materials capable of meeting a wide range of design criteria. They exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, strength at elevated temperature, toughness at cryogenic temperature and fabrication characteristics, and they are selected for a broad range of consumer, commercial, and industrial applications. In the fabrication of stainless steel products, components, or equipment, manufacturers employ welding as the principal joining method. Stainless steels possess good weldability and a welded joint can provide optimum corrosion resistance, strength, and fabrication economy provided reasonable care is exercised during welding. L&T's Heavy Engineering (HE) has established a reputation for quality products in the global market with its strong engineering capabilities and state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities. It manufactures and supplies various critical equipments like reactors, vessels, heat exchangers and inter-connecting piping to Fertilizer, Refinery, Petrochemical, Chemical, Oil & Gas, Power, Nuclear and allied Strategic sectors. The wide spectrum of equipments mentioned involves fabrication of various grades of Stainless Steel (SS)like Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, Duplex, Super Duplex etc. This paper discusses some of the high productivity welding processes and the techniques being used in manufacturing Stainless Steel vessels at Larsen & Toubro’s Heavy Engineering such as: Narrow groove welding of high thickness SS joints by Submerged Arc Welding(SAW), High deposition SS weld surfacing using Electro Slag Strip Cladding (ESSC), Hotwire GTAW for joining & surfacing of SS, SS Liner welding by GTAW for critical Urea Service applications, Automatic Tube to Tube sheet Welding etc.

scholarly journals Advances and Applications of Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Tim Sewerin ◽  
Maria G. Elshof ◽  
Sonia Matencio ◽  
Marcel Boerrigter ◽  
Jimmy Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Separation Layers ◽  
Spiral Wound

Hollow fiber nanofiltration (NF) membranes have gained increased attention in recent years, partly driven by the availability of alternatives to polyamide-based dense separation layers. Moreover, the global market for NF has been growing steadily in recent years and is expected to grow even faster. Compared to the traditional spiral-wound configuration, the hollow fiber geometry provides advantages such as low fouling tendencies and effective hydraulic cleaning possibilities. The alternatives to polyamide layers are typically chemically more stable and thus allow operation and cleaning at more extreme conditions. Therefore, these new NF membranes are of interest for use in a variety of applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the applications and emerging opportunities for these membranes. Next to municipal wastewater and drinking water processes, we have put special focus on industrial applications where hollow fiber NF membranes are employed under more strenuous conditions or used to recover specific resources or solutes.

scholarly journals High Level of Spinosad Production in the Heterologous Host Saccharopolyspora erythraea

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 5603-5611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Huang ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Mei-Hong Li ◽  
Ji-Dong Wang ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Erythraea ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Spinosa ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene Cluster ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTSpinosad, a highly effective insecticide, has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Global market demand for spinosad is huge and growing. However, after much effort, there has been almost no improvement in the spinosad yield from the original producer,Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Here, we report the heterologous expression of spinosad usingSaccharopolyspora erythraeaas a host. The native erythromycin polyketide synthase (PKS) genes inS. erythraeawere replaced by the assembled spinosad gene cluster through iterative recombination. The production of spinosad could be detected in the recombinant strains containing the whole biosynthesis gene cluster. Both metabolic engineering and UV mutagenesis were applied to further improve the yield of spinosad. The final strain, AT-ES04PS-3007, which could produce spinosad with a titer of 830 mg/liter, has significant potential in industrial applications.IMPORTANCEThis work provides an innovative and promising way to improve the industrial production of spinosad. At the same time, it also describes a successful method of heterologous expression for target metabolites of interest by replacing large gene clusters.

scholarly journals Membrane Purification Techniques for Recovery of Succinic Acid Obtained from Fermentation Broth during Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6794
Author(s):  
Olawumi O. Sadare ◽  
Olayile Ejekwu ◽  
Moloko F. Moshokoa ◽  
Monsurat O. Jimoh ◽  
Michael O. Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
One Pot

Recently, the bioconversion of biomass into biofuels and biocommodities has received significant attention. Although green technologies for biofuel and biocommodity production are advancing, the productivity and yield from these techniques are low. Over the past years, various recovery and purification techniques have been developed and successfully employed to improve these technologies. However, these technologies still require improvement regarding the energy-consumption-related costs, low yield and product purity. In the context of sustainable green production, this review presents a broad review of membrane purification technologies/methods for succinic acid, a biocommodity obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, a short overview of the global market for sustainable green chemistry and circular economy systems or zero waste approach towards a sustainable waste management is presented. Succinic acid, the available feedstocks for its production and its industrial applications are also highlighted. Downstream separation processes of succinic acid and the current studies on different downstream processing techniques are critically reviewed. Furthermore, critical analysis of membrane-based downstream processes of succinic acid production from fermentation broth is highlighted. A short review of the integrated-membrane-based process is discussed, as well, because integrating “one-pot” lignocellulosic bioconversion to succinic acid with downstream separation processing is considered a critical issue to address. In conclusion, speculations on outlook are suggested.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis Strain Btk 27 and Its Potential Application in Removal of Mucilage from Coffee Beans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliyad Jeilu Oumer ◽  
Dawit Abate
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Fast Pace

The demand for enzymes in the global market is projected to rise at a fast pace in recent years. There has been a great increase in industrial applications of pectinase owing to their significant biotechnological uses. For applying enzymes at industrial scale primary it is important to know the features of the enzyme. Thus, this study was undertaken with aims of characterizing the pectinase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis strain Btk27 and proving its potential application in demucilisation of coffee. In this study, the maximum pectinase activity was achieved at pH 7.5 and 50°C. Also, the enzyme activity was found stimulated with Mg2+ and Ca2+ metal ions. Moreover, it was stable on EDTA, Trixton-100, Tween 80, and Tween 20. Since Bacillus subtilis strain Btk27 was stable in most surfactants and inhibitors it could be applicable in various industries whenever pectin degradation is needed. The enzyme Km and Vmax values were identified as 1.879 mg/ml and 149.6 U, respectively. The potential application of the enzyme for coffee processing was studied, and it is found that complete removal of mucilage from coffee beans within 24 hours of treatment indicates the potential application in coffee processing.

scholarly journals Biocatalysis in the Swiss Manufacturing Environment

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Katrin Hecht ◽  
Hans-Peter Meyer ◽  
Roland Wohlgemuth ◽  
Rebecca Buller
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Biocatalytic Process

Biocatalysis has undergone a remarkable transition in the last two decades, from being considered a niche technology to playing a much more relevant role in organic synthesis today. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straightforward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis. Building on our previous analysis of biocatalysis in the Swiss manufacturing environment, we present a follow-up study on how the industrial biocatalysis situation in Switzerland has evolved in the last four years. Considering the current industrial landscape, we record recent advances in biocatalysis in Switzerland as well as give suggestions where enzymatic transformations may be valuably employed to address some of the societal challenges we face today, particularly in the context of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

scholarly journals Cyber-Physical Systems for Micro-/Nano-assembly Operations: a Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A Mulet Alberola ◽  
Irene Fassi
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Production ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Assembly Operations

Abstract Purpose of Review Latest requirements of the global market force manufacturing systems to a change for a new production paradigm (Industry 4.0). Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) appear as a solution to be deployed in different manufacturing fields, especially those with high added value and technological complexity, high product variants, and short time to market. In this sense, this paper aims at reviewing the introduction level of CPS technologies in micro/nano-manufacturing and how these technologies could cope with these challenging manufacturing requirements. Recent Findings The introduction of CPS is still in its infancy on many industrial applications, but it actually demonstrates its potential to support future manufacturing paradigm. However, only few research works in micro/nano-manufacturing considered CPS frameworks, since the concept barely appeared a decade ago. Summary Some contributions have revealed the potential of CPS technologies to improve manufacturing performance which may be scaled to the micro/nano-manufacturing. IoT-based frameworks with VR/AR technologies allow distributed and collaborative systems, or agent-based architectures with advance algorithm implementations that improve the flexibility and performance of micro-/nano-assembly operations. Future research of CPS in micro-/nano-assembly operations should be followed by more studies of its technical deployment showing its implications under other perspectives, i.e. sustainable, economic, and social point of views, to take full advance of all its features.

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