A Lecture Note on the Effect of Antioxidant Compounds on Oxidative Stress in Unicellular Aquatic Organisms

2014 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Lecture Note ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

scholarly journals Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Physiological Damage inDaphnia magnaby Copper in the Presence of Nano-TiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fan ◽  
M. M. Cui ◽  
Z. W. Shi ◽  
C. Tan ◽  
X. P. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Transfer Channel ◽  
Atpase Inhibition

This study examines the potential hazard of an individual nanomaterial on the Cu biotoxicity to aquatic organisms.Daphnia magnain the absence or presence of nano-TiO2was exposed to Cu. Maintaining nano-TiO2at a safe concentration cannot eliminate its potential hazard. The biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and Na+/K+-ATPase inD. magnawere measured. Cu in the presence of nano-TiO2induced higher levels of oxidative stress and physiological damage because of the sorption of Cu. Nano-TiO2also caused Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition possibly by impeding the Na+/K+transfer channel. The correlations among the biomarkers, mortality, and accumulation further showed that the overloading reactive oxygen species generation caused by nano-TiO2contributed to deeper oxidative stress and physiological regulation, thereby causing greater toxic injury.

scholarly journals Oxidant and antioxidant compounds, gas exchange and growth of young Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum plants under high boron and calcium concentrations

2018 ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Daihany Moraes Callegari Elaine M. S. G. Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
High Boron ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Negative Impacts

Boron (B) and Calcium (Ca) unbalance in plants during early stages can generate oxidative stress and consequently to interfere negatively on growth and quality of seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the gas exchange and measure the biochemical responses, responding how high concentrations of B and Ca can affect the growth and quality of young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experimental design used was completely randomised with four treatments [1 - 25 µM B + 5 mM Ca (control); 2 - 25 µM B + 50 mM Ca (Ca high); 3- 250 µM B + 5 mM Ca (B high) and 4 - 250 µM B + 50 mM Ca (B and Ca high)]. Negative impacts on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and total glutathione were obtained, besides increases in hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage were verified in plants treated with B and Ca high, indicating oxidative stress. Thus, application 250 µM B combined with 50 mM Ca promoted disorders in plant metabolism, decreasing the growth and quality of young Schizolobium parahyba plants.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Fucoidans Obtained from Tropical Seaweed Protect Pre-Osteoblastic Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Pereira Fidelis ◽  
Cynthia Haynara Ferreira Silva ◽  
Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto Nobre ◽  
Valquíria Pereira Medeiros ◽  
Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Some antioxidant compounds decrease the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently reduce the deleterious effects of ROS in osteoblasts. Thus, these compounds fight against osteoporosis. Brown seaweeds are a rich source of antioxidant fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (fucans and fucoidans). We obtained six fucoidans (FRFs)—F0.3, F0.5, F0.7, F1.0, F1.5, and F2.1—from Dictyota mertensii by proteolytic digestion followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Except for F0.3, all FRFs showed antioxidant activity in different in vitro tests. In pre- osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-L1) exposed to H2O2-oxidative stress, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated, resulting in apoptosis of the cells. We also observed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The antioxidant FRFs protected the cells from the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, decreasing intracellular ROS and caspase activation, and increasing SOD activity. The most effective protection against damage was provided by F0.7, F1.5, and F2.1. At 0.5 mg/mL, these FRFs also suppressed the H2O2-mediated inhibition of ALP activity. The data indicated that FRFs F0.7, F1.5, and F2.1 from D. mertensii were antioxidants that protected bone tissue from oxidative stress and could represent possible adjuvants for the treatment of bone fragility through counteracting oxidative phenomena.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Lee ◽  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
The Brain

The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Dorota Miller ◽  
Angela Dziedzic ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
Michal Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stress Mediators

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of this multifactorial disease has not been clearly defined. Conventional medical treatment of MS has progressed, but is still based on symptomatic treatment. One of the key factors in the pathogenesis of MS is oxidative stress, enhancing inflammation and neurodegeneration. In MS, both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are formed in the CNS mainly by activated macrophages and microglia structures, which can lead to demyelination and axon disruption. The course of MS is associated with the secretion of many inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, including cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ) and chemokines (MIP-1a, MCP-1, IP10). The early stage of MS (RRMS) lasts about 10 years, and is dominated by inflammatory processes, whereas the chronic stage is associated with neurodegenerative axon and neuron loss. Since oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated processes, antioxidant therapy could contribute to the reduction or even prevention of the progression of MS. Further research is needed in order to establish new aims for novel treatment and provide possible benefits to MS patients. The present review examines the roles of oxidative stress and non-pharmacological anti-oxidative therapies in MS.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin and Naringenin Are Associated with Impaired Neutrophil Microbicidal Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielli de Cássia Yukari Nishimura ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Bianca Altrão Ratti ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Microbicidal Activity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Naringenin and quercetin are considered antioxidant compounds with promising activity against oxidative damage in human cells. However, no reports have described their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by phagocytes during microbicidal activity. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of naringenin and quercetin on ROS production, specifically hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and their involvement in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Naringenin and quercetin inhibited HOCl production through different systems, but this inhibition was more pronounced for quercetin, even in the cell-free systems. With regard to the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, both naringenin and quercetin completely inhibited the killing ofStaphylococcus aureus. Altogether, these data indicate that the decrease in the oxidant activity of neutrophils induced by these compounds directly impaired the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Naringenin and quercetin exerted their effects by controlling the effector mechanisms of ROS production, with both positive and negative effects of these antioxidant agents in oxidative stress conditions and on ROS in the microbicidal activity of phagocytes. The present results challenge the traditional view of antioxidants as improvers of pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in Reduction of Testicular Tissue Alteration Following Induction of Diabetes in Adult Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Kianifard ◽  
Farhad Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractBackground and Aims: Various types of infertility are associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia and diabetes. Development of oxidative stress is one the most important factors in the alteration of spermatogenesis in diabetic conditions. Consequently, the reduction of oxidative stress with antioxidant compounds can be effective in the reduction of tissue alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in improvement of spermatogenesis in adult diabetic rats. Material and Methods: 32 adult rats were divided into four groups of control and treatment. Coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg body weight - b.w.) was administrated to one control and one diabetic (intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg b.w. of Streptozotocin) groups. Blood concentrations of FSH, LH and Testosterone were measured. Histology of testicular tissue and sperm analysis were considered for evaluation of spermatogenesis. Results: Administration of Coenzyme Q10 led to increase of pituitary gonadotropins levels in diabetic rats. Testosterone levels were not changed significantly. Testicular morphology, spermatogenic indices and sperm analysis were improved in treated diabetic rats. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the use of Coenzyme Q10 has positive effects in reduction of spermatogenic alterations following induction of experimental diabetes in rats.

scholarly journals Protective Action of Antioxidants on Hepatic Damage Induced by Griseofulvin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. del C. Martinez ◽  
S. G. Afonso ◽  
A. M. Buzaleh ◽  
A. Batlle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Heme Regulation

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a disease associated with ferrochelatase deficiency and characterized by the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PROTO IX) in erythrocytes, liver, and skin. In some cases, a severe hepatic failure and cholestasis were observed. Griseofulvin (Gris) develops an experimental EPP with hepatic manifestations in mice such as PROTO IX accumulation followed by cellular damage as wells as necrotic and inflammatory processes. The antioxidant defense system was also altered. The aim was to evaluate the possible protective effect of different antioxidant compounds: trolox (Tx), ascorbic acid (Asc), the combination Tx and Asc, melatonin (Mel), and the polyphenols: ellagic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid on liver damage and oxidative stress markers in a mouse model of EPP. Coadministration of Gris with Tx, Asc, and its combination, or Mel mainly affected heme biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a decrease in ALA-S activity which was increased by Gris, while the tested polyphenols exerted a protective effect on oxidative stress, decreasing lipid peroxidation and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, antioxidant compounds can only protect partially against the liver damage induced by Gris, reducing oxidative stress or acting on heme regulation.

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