Science of the Artificial

2014 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Keyword(s):  
Science Of The Artificial

An Implementation of Expected Utility Theory in Decision Based Design

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Marston ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Expected Utility Theory ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Decision Based Design ◽  
Mathematics And Physics ◽  
Science Of The Artificial ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The development of a design science rests on the ideal that design is anchored in a set of fundamental axioms similar to the more ‘traditional’ sciences of mathematics and physics. However, the axioms upon which a design science is constructed must reflect that design is a science of the artificial. It is our contention that such axioms may exist in Decision-Based Design as those formulated by von-Neumann and Morgenstern for developing utilities under conditions of risk. In this paper we have a very narrow focus: evaluating a proposed framework for applying these axioms in the context of a simple design problem through the use of Monte Carlo simulation and expected utility theory.

Design Science—The Science of the Artificial

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Aline Dresch ◽  
Daniel Pacheco Lacerda ◽  
José Antônio Valle Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Science Of The Artificial

scholarly journals Ignorance and Organization Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bakken ◽  
Eric Lawrence Wiik
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Unpredictable Environments ◽  
Science Of The Artificial

The article discusses ignorance and organization studies, both as a topic of study and a basic problem of organization theory understood as design theory. How should we regard knowledge not yet known? Is the development of knowledge a straightforward illumination of a defined box, or does knowledge also have a dark side, growing even faster than the illuminated side? In this article, we propose that more extended research into ignorance in organization studies is needed. And since ignorance is a product of inattention, we draw on Herbert Simon’s investigation into the science of the artificial. Among the topics we explore are unpredictable environments, the interface between inner and outer environments, vagueness and unspecified ignorance.

It Began with Babbage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Computer Scientist ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
New Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Science Of The Artificial

As a field, computer science occupies a unique scientific space, in that its subject matter can exist in both physical and abstract realms. An artifact such as software is both tangible and not, and must be classified as something in between, or "liminal." The study and production of liminal artifacts allows for creative possibilities that are, and have been, possible only in computer science. In It Began with Babbage, computer scientist and writer Subrata Dasgupta examines the distinct history of computer science in terms of its creative innovations, reaching back to Charles Babbage in 1819. Since all artifacts of computer science are conceived with a use in mind, the computer scientist is not concerned with the natural laws that govern disciplines like physics or chemistry; instead, the field is more concerned with the concept of purpose. This requirement lends itself to a type of creative thinking that, as Dasgupta shows us, has exhibited itself throughout the history of computer science. More than any other, computer science is the science of the artificial, and has a unique history to accompany its unique focus. The book traces a path from Babbage's Difference Engine in the early 19th century to the end of the 1960s by when a new academic discipline named "computer science" had come into being. Along the way we meet characters like Babbage and Ada Lovelace, Turing and von Neumann, Shannon and Chomsky, and a host of other people from a variety of backgrounds who collectively created this new science of the artificial. And in the end, we see how and why computer science acquired a nature and history all of its own.

Epilogue

2016 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Subrata Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Symbol Processing ◽  
The World ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Science Of The Artificial

The Epilogue concludes that although computer science is a science of the artificial, one centred on symbol processing, it also serves as a bridge between the world of computational artefacts and the natural world, specifically, that of biological molecules, human cognition, and neuronal processes. Could it be that computation embraces both the natural and artificial and is, therefore, a universal science? What is certain is that computer science has given us a remarkably distinctive way of perceiving, thinking about, and solving a breathtakingly broad spectrum of problems—spanning natural, social, cultural, technological, and economic realms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document