Mycoses Caused by Dematiaceous Fungi with Special Reference to the Recent Fungal Meningitis Epidemic Caused by Exserohilum rostratum

2014 ◽  
pp. 418-435
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Analysis of Exserohilum rostratum from an Outbreak of Fungal Meningitis and Other Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3216-3222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia P. Litvintseva ◽  
Steven Hurst ◽  
Lalitha Gade ◽  
Michael A. Frace ◽  
Remy Hilsabeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum

scholarly journals A case of disseminated subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum with CARD9 mutation

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Mayuri Kalantri ◽  
Uday Khopkar ◽  
Avani Shah ◽  
Umair Ahmed Bargir ◽  
Gouri Hule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis

Phaeohypomycosis is a rare cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi. They have a widespread global distribution occasionally affecting humans. A 26-year-old woman presented with multiple skin lesions over her face and extremities for last 7 years, unresponsive to systemic amphotericin B and itraconazole. Further investigations revealed CARD9 mutation and phaeohyphomycosis caused by the pigmented fungus Exserohilum rosatratum. Lesions subsequently improved with oral flucytosine and itraconazole.

scholarly journals Utility of Real-Time PCR for Detection of Exserohilum rostratum in Body and Tissue Fluids during the Multistate Outbreak of Fungal Meningitis and Other Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitha Gade ◽  
Dale E. Grgurich ◽  
Thomas M. Kerkering ◽  
Mary E. Brandt ◽  
Anastasia P. Litvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Pcr Assays

Exserohilum rostratumwas the major cause of the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis linked to contaminated injections of methylprednisolone acetate produced by the New England Compounding Center. Previously, we developed a fungal DNA extraction procedure and broad-range andE. rostratum-specific PCR assays and confirmed the presence of fungal DNA in 28% of the case patients. Here, we report the development and validation of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection ofE. rostratumin body fluids, which we used to confirm infections in 57 additional case patients, bringing the total number of case patients with PCR results positive forE. rostratumto 171 (37% of the 461 case patients with available specimens). Compared to fungal culture and the previous PCR assays, this real-time PCR assay was more sensitive. Of the 139 identical specimens from case patients tested by all three methods, 19 (14%) were positive by culture, 41 (29%) were positive by the conventional PCR assay, and 65 (47%) were positive by the real-time PCR assay. We also compared the utility of the real-time PCR assay with that of the previously described beta-d-glucan (BDG) detection assay for monitoring response to treatment in case patients with serially collected CSF. Only the incident CSF specimens from most of the case patients were positive by real-time PCR, while most of the subsequently collected specimens were negative, confirming our previous observations that the BDG assay was more appropriate than the real-time PCR assay for monitoring the response to treatment. Our results also demonstrate that the real-time PCR assay is extremely susceptible to contamination and its results should be used only in conjunction with clinical and epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-D-Glucan Diagnostic Testing for Fungal Meningitis: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Davis ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat ◽  
Thein Myint ◽  
David R. Boulware ◽  
Nathan C. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Pubmed Search

ABSTRACT Several case reports and cohort studies have examined the use of (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement with cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose fungal meningitis. This systematic review aims to characterize the evidence regarding cerebrospinal fluid (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement to detect fungal meningitis. We searched PubMed for (1,3)-beta-d-glucan and each of several distinct fungi, cerebrospinal fluid, and meningitis. Summary data including diagnostic performance (where applicable) were recorded. A total of 939 records were examined via a PubMed search. One hundred eighteen records remained after duplicates were removed, and 104 records were excluded, as they did not examine cerebrospinal fluid, included animals, or focused on nonfungal infections. Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. A variety of fungi, including species of Candida, Aspergillus, Exserohilum, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, and Coccidioides, were studied, although most were case reports. Diagnostic accuracy was examined in 5 studies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement showed >95% sensitivity in the corticosteroid injection-related outbreak of Exserohilum rostratum. One study in Histoplasma meningitis found 53% (53/87) sensitivity and 87% (133/153) specificity, while another study of Cryptococcus meningitis found 89% (69/78) sensitivity and 85% (33/39) specificity. CSF (1,3)-beta-d-glucan testing may be useful, primarily as a nonspecific marker of fungal meningitis. Although the FDA black box warning states that Cryptococcus spp. do not make (1,3)-beta-d-glucan, the current evidence shows that (1,3)-beta-d-glucan is detectable in cryptococcal meningitis. Organism-specific testing should be used in conjunction with (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement.

scholarly journals Chronic fungal meningitis secondary to dematiaceous fungi masquerading as tubercular meningitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
N. Hesarur ◽  
S. Donaparthi Venkatagiri ◽  
M. Nagappa ◽  
V. Santosh ◽  
N. Chandrashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Fungal Meningitis
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