Physically Unclonable Functions: a Root-of-Trust for Hardware Security

The spatial ubiquity and the huge number of employed nodes monitoring the surroundings, individuals, and devices makes security a key challenge in IoT. Serious security apprehensions are evolving in terms of data authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality. Consequently, IoT requires security to be assured down to the hardware level, as the authenticity and the integrity need to be guaranteed in terms of the hardware implementation of each IoT node. Physically unclonable functions recreate the keys only while the chip is being powered on, replacing the conventional key storage which requires storing information. Compared to extrinsic key storage, they are able to generate intrinsic keys and are far less susceptible against physical attacks. Physically unclonable functions have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to economically introduce hardware-level security into individual silicon dice. This chapter introduces the notion of physically unclonable functions, their scenarios for hardware security in IoT devices, and their interaction with traditional cryptography.

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Digitization Algorithms in Ring Oscillator Physically Unclonable Functions as a Main Factor Achieving Hardware Security

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2021.3123867 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Guillermo Diez-Senorans ◽

Miguel Garcia-Bosque ◽

Carlos Sanchez-Azqueta ◽

Santiago Celma

Keyword(s):

Hardware Security ◽

Ring Oscillator ◽

Physically Unclonable Functions ◽

Main Factor

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Hardware Primitives-Based Security Protocols for the Internet of Things

Cryptographic Security Solutions for the Internet of Things - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5742-5.ch005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 117-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Muhammad Naveed Aman ◽

Kee Chaing Chua ◽

Biplab Sikdar

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Security Analysis ◽

Security Protocols ◽

Hardware Security ◽

Side Channel ◽

Data Provenance ◽

Side Channel Attacks ◽

Sensitive Data ◽

Physically Unclonable Functions ◽

Iot Devices

IoT is the enabling technology for a variety of new exciting services in a wide range of application areas including environmental monitoring, healthcare systems, energy management, transportation, and home and commercial automation. However, the low-cost and straightforward nature of IoT devices producing vast amounts of sensitive data raises many security concerns. Among the cyber threats, hardware-level threats are especially crucial for IoT systems. In particular, IoT devices are not physically protected and can easily be captured by an adversary to launch physical and side-channel attacks. This chapter introduces security protocols for IoT devices based on hardware security primitives called physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The protocols are discussed for the following major security principles: authentication and confidentiality, data provenance, and anonymity. The security analysis shows that security protocols based on hardware security primitives are not only secure against network-level threats but are also resilient against physical and side-channel attacks.

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Addressing Security Issues of the Internet of Things Using Physically Unclonable Functions

Cryptographic Security Solutions for the Internet of Things - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5742-5.ch004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 95-116

Author(s):

Ishfaq Sultan ◽

Mohammad Tariq Banday

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Hardware Implementation ◽

Hardware Security ◽

The Internet ◽

Huge Number ◽

Security Issues ◽

Physically Unclonable Functions ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things

The spatial ubiquity and the huge number of employed nodes monitoring the surroundings, individuals, and devices makes security a key challenge in IoT. Serious security apprehensions are evolving in terms of data authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality. Consequently, IoT requires security to be assured down to the hardware level, as the authenticity and the integrity need to be guaranteed in terms of the hardware implementation of each IoT node. Physically unclonable functions recreate the keys only while the chip is being powered on, replacing the conventional key storage which requires storing information. Compared to extrinsic key storage, they are able to generate intrinsic keys and are far less susceptible against physical attacks. Physically unclonable functions have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to economically introduce hardware-level security into individual silicon dice. This chapter introduces the notion of physically unclonable functions, their scenarios for hardware security in IoT devices, and their interaction with traditional cryptography.

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Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security Workshop - ASHES'19

10.1145/3338508 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hardware Security

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Hardware Information Flow Tracking

ACM Computing Surveys ◽

10.1145/3447867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1-39

Author(s):

Wei Hu ◽

Armaiti Ardeshiricham ◽

Ryan Kastner

Keyword(s):

Access Control ◽

Computer Security ◽

Information Flow ◽

Hardware Security ◽

Computing System ◽

Security Vulnerabilities ◽

Information Flow Tracking ◽

Side Channels ◽

Security Properties ◽

Tools And Techniques

Information flow tracking (IFT) is a fundamental computer security technique used to understand how information moves through a computing system. Hardware IFT techniques specifically target security vulnerabilities related to the design, verification, testing, manufacturing, and deployment of hardware circuits. Hardware IFT can detect unintentional design flaws, malicious circuit modifications, timing side channels, access control violations, and other insecure hardware behaviors. This article surveys the area of hardware IFT. We start with a discussion on the basics of IFT, whose foundations were introduced by Denning in the 1970s. Building upon this, we develop a taxonomy for hardware IFT. We use this to classify and differentiate hardware IFT tools and techniques. Finally, we discuss the challenges yet to be resolved. The survey shows that hardware IFT provides a powerful technique for identifying hardware security vulnerabilities, as well as verifying and enforcing hardware security properties.

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