scholarly journals Sources of Geothermal Heat: The Earth as a Heat Engine

2014 ◽  
pp. 42-67
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Earth

II—The Use of Balloons in Meteorology

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Simple Instrument ◽  
The Absolute

Although early meteorological records were naturally confined to the weather experienced at the surface of the Earth, as soon as meteorology began to be a science it was realized that what went on above the surface was important and that the physics of the air needed to be studied in three dimensions. An obvious illustration is the use made of cloud observations—the nature and structure of clouds, the method of their formation and their movement. Something could be learnt on those questions by observations from the ground, aided by such a simple instrument as the nephoscope. Most people, and certainly all concerned with navigation, know that the movement of clouds may be very different from the wind at the surface. It was also realized that since the atmosphere is a heat engine a knowledge of the temperature of the upper air was required. Anyone who has climbed a mountain knows that the temperature falls, and this was confirmed for the free atmosphere by observations with kites. It was clearly of interest to know whether the fall of temperature was maintained until the absolute zero was reached, and if not, why not. It is in the measurement of temperature and wind in the upper air that balloons have found their chief use.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF OBTAINING GEOTHERMAL HEAT FROM THE EARTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN VANTÚCH ◽  
ANDREJ KAPJOR ◽  
MICHAL HOLUBčÍK
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Earth

Nature’s Way

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Wilshire ◽  
Richard W. Hazlett ◽  
Jane E. Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Earth

Humans have demonstrated the capacity to damage land and extinguish species from very early times (figure 13.1). Our impacts have grown immensely as populations and technological prowess increased (figure 13.2), and by the twentieth century, they had begun changing the landscape in major ways. To generations born since 1945, the pervasive human sculpting of natural landforms may even seem part of the natural scene. The effects certainly have reached a scale comparable to natural geological forces. Humans directly displace approximately 35 billion tons of soil and rock per year worldwide, exceeding the work of rivers and streams and greatly surpassing natural erosion from glaciers or wind. In the United States, road building, mining, construction, urban expansion, recreation, and military training and bomb testing move approximately 28 tons of earth per person each year—far outranking the world average of about six tons per person per year. Unintentional agricultural displacements are even greater—about 1,500 billion tons per year. Natural processes obey the physical laws of motion and energy, which never take a break. In this book, we have tried to explain how human changes add to nature’s effects (figure 13.3), in many cases multiplying the impacts of natural processes and causing severe environmental damage. Most people simply do not understand how the Earth works—but if nothing else, Hurricane Katrina’s 2005 devastation of New Orleans made it clear that ignoring or underestimating the power of natural forces can severely imperil our present and future well-being. Natural forces constantly are acting on and inside the Earth, building up land and tearing it down at the same time. Humans experience the Earth’s internal heat engine through tectonic effects, which have segmented the surface along boundaries that define mobile tectonic plates. Plate interactions at the boundaries generate faults and earthquakes, raising hills and mountains or depressing basins and troughs. Plate boundaries also contain most of the world’s volcanoes, generated by the internal melting that creates igneous rocks.

scholarly journals On Preheating of the Outdoor Ventilation Air

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Romanska-Zapala ◽  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Miroslaw Dechnik ◽  
Malgorzata Fedorczak-Cisak ◽  
Marcin Furtak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Air Intake

The growing popularity of buildings with integrated sub-systems requires a review of methods to optimize the preheating of ventilation air. An integrated system permits using geothermal heat storage parallel to the direct outdoor air intake with additional treatment in the mechanical room as a part of building an automatic control system. The earth–air heat exchanger (EAHX) has many advantages but also has many unanswered questions. Some of the drawbacks are: A possible entry of radon gas, high humidity in the shoulder seasons, and the need for two different air intake sources with a choice that depends on the actual weather conditions. In winter the EAHX may be used continuously to ensure thermal comfort, while in other seasons its operation must be automatically controlled. To generate missing information about EAHX technology we examined two nearly identical EAHX systems, one placed in the ground next to a building and the other under the basement slab. In another project, we reinforced the ground storage action by having a heat exchanger placed on the return pipes of the hydronic heating system. The information provided in this paper shows advantages of merging both these approaches, while the EAHX could be placed under the house or near the basement foundation that is using an exterior basement insulation.

The Earth Considered as a Heat Engine

1915 ◽  
Vol 79 (2059supp) ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
George F. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
The Earth
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