Chemistry of Geothermal Fluids

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-110
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Fluids

1. Thermodynamics of Geothermal Fluids

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Andri Stefánsson ◽  
Thomas Driesner ◽  
Pascale Bénézeth
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Fluids

scholarly journals Fissure Ridges: A Reappraisal of Faulting and Travertine Deposition (Travitonics)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Andrea Brogi ◽  
Enrico Capezzuoli ◽  
Volkan Karabacak ◽  
Mehmet Cihat Alcicek ◽  
Lianchao Luo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Depositional Facies ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Tectonic Features ◽  
Travertine Deposition

The mechanical discontinuities in the upper crust (i.e., faults and related fractures) lead to the uprising of geothermal fluids to the Earth’s surface. If fluids are enriched in Ca2+ and HCO3-, masses of CaCO3 (i.e., travertine deposits) can form mainly due to the CO2 leakage from the thermal waters. Among other things, fissure-ridge-type deposits are peculiar travertine bodies made of bedded carbonate that gently to steeply dip away from the apical part where a central fissure is located, corresponding to the fracture trace intersecting the substratum; these morpho-tectonic features are the most useful deposits for tectonic and paleoseismological investigation, as their development is contemporaneous with the activity of faults leading to the enhancement of permeability that serves to guarantee the circulation of fluids and their emergence. Therefore, the fissure ridge architecture sheds light on the interplay among fault activity, travertine deposition, and ridge evolution, providing key geo-chronologic constraints due to the fact that travertine can be dated by different radiometric methods. In recent years, studies dealing with travertine fissure ridges have been considerably improved to provide a large amount of information. In this paper, we report the state of the art of knowledge on this topic refining the literature data as well as adding original data, mainly focusing on the fissure ridge morphology, internal architecture, depositional facies, growth mechanisms, tectonic setting in which the fissure ridges develop, and advantages of using the fissure ridges for neotectonic and seismotectonic studies.

Experimental investigation of degassing properties of geothermal fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Boeije ◽  
Pacelli Zitha ◽  
Anne Pluymakers
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Bubble Point ◽  
Free Gas ◽  
Bubble Point Pressure ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Point Pressure

<p>Geothermal energy, the extraction of hot water from the subsurface (500 m to 5 km deep), is generally considered one of the key technologies to achieve the demands of the energy transition.  One of the main problems during production of geothermal waters is degassing. Many subsurface waters contain substantial amounts of dissolved gasses. As the hot water travels up the production well, the pressure and/or temperature drop will cause dissolved gas to come out of the solution. This causes several problems, such as corrosion of the facilities (due to pH changes and/or degassing-related precipitation) and in some cases even to blocking of the reservoir as the free gas limits the water flow.  To better understand under which conditions free gas nucleates, we need confirmation of theoretical bubble point pressure and temperature, and understand what controls the evolution of the bubble front:  i.e. what are the conditions under which free gas emerges from the solution and at what rate are bubbles created?</p><p>An experimental setup was designed in which the degassing process can be observed visually. The setup consists of a high-pressure visual cell which contains water saturated with dissolved gas at high-pressure. The pressure within the cell can be reduced in a reproducible manner using a back-pressure regulator at the outlet of the system. A high-speed camera paired with a uniform LED light source is used to record the degassing process. The pressure in the cell is monitored using a pressure transducer which is synchronized with the camera. The resulting images are then analysed using a MATLAB routine, which allows for determination of the bubble point pressure and rate of bubble formation.</p><p>The first two sets of experiments at ambient temperatures (~20 <sup>o</sup>C) were carried out using two different gases, N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. Initial pressure was 70 and 30 bar for the N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> experiments respectively. In these first experiments we determined the influence of the initial fluid used to pressurize the system. Using gas as the initial fluid causes a large amount of bubbles, whereas only a single bubble was observed for a system where degassed water is used as the initial fluid. An intermediate system where degassed water is pumped into a system full of air at ambient conditions and is subsequently pressurized yields a number of bubbles in between the two systems described previously. All three methods give reproducible bubble point pressures within 2 bar (i.e. pressure where the first free bubble is formed). There are clear differences in bubble point between N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p>A series of follow-up experiments is planned that will investigate specific properties at more extreme conditions: at higher pressures (up to 500 bar) and temperatures (500 <sup>o</sup>C) and using high-salinity brines (2.5 M).</p>

Variability of deep carbon sources in Mexican geothermal fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Richard ◽  
Daniele L. Pinti ◽  
Jean-François Hélie ◽  
Aida López Hernández ◽  
Tomo Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Geothermal Fluids

scholarly journals Volatile characteristics of Central American geothermal fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Barry ◽  
David Bekaert ◽  
Maarten de Moor ◽  
Jabrane Labidi ◽  
Esteban Gazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central American ◽  
Geothermal Fluids

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONDISI RESERVOIR PANAS BUMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA GEOKIMIA DAN MONITORING PRODUKSI SUMUR ELS-02 LAPANGAN ELSA

PETRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nabilla Elsaphira Putri ◽  
Onnie Ridaliani ◽  
Widia Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
Concentration Changes

<p><em>A</em><em> good reservoir management is needed </em><em>to maintain</em><em> the </em><em>availability and </em><em>quality of geothermal production fluid. When producing geothermal fluids, there are some changes in reservoir parameters such as declining of reservoir pressure and temperature, chemical composition of geothermal fluids, </em><em>and </em><em>states of fluid that would affect the quality of reservoir by mixing, boiling, or cooling processes that may be happened </em><em>because of</em><em> those changes. </em><em>It is</em><em> becoming a concern on reservoir management. In this case, chemical </em><em>concentrations </em><em>of fluid</em><em>s</em><em> monitoring is one of methods that can perform to reach a well reservoir management of geothermal field. With </em><em>chemical </em><em>monitoring process, current reservoir condition and processes </em><em>that </em><em>occurred during exploitation can be defined</em><em>. In ELS-02 by monitoring and analyzing its enthalpy changes, chloride concentration changes, and NCG concentration changes and supported by its calcium, sulphate, and carbonate concentration profile, two processes could be defined:</em><em> </em><em>mixing with </em><em>surface </em><em>cooler water and reinjection breakthrough.</em><em> </em><em>Other than that, casing leak that causing surface water enter the well could be detected.  </em><em>These become a sign to reservoir engineer to prepare for problems that may occur in near time </em><em>term </em><em>relating to well problem </em><em>such as scaling </em><em>and long time problem like massive cooling or drying of reservoir. After all, further development scenario of Elsa field can be made to improve its performance in producing fluids and heats. </em></p><p> </p>

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