Machinery selection to comply with future sulphur emission regulations

2014 ◽  
pp. 801-810
Keyword(s):  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Sulphur Emission

scholarly journals Analysis of Driving Dynamics Considering Driving Resistances in On-Road Driving

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3408
Author(s):  
Jingeun Song ◽  
Junepyo Cha
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Driving Dynamic ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Positive Acceleration ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Dynamic Variables

Internal combustion engine emissions are a serious worldwide problem. To combat this, emission regulations have become stricter with the goal of reducing the proportion of transportation emissions in global air pollution. In addition, the European Commission passed the real driving emissions–light-duty vehicles (RDE-LDV) regulation that evaluates vehicle emissions by driving on real roads. The RDE test is significantly dependent on driving conditions such as traffic or drivers. Thus, the RDE regulation has the means to evaluate driving dynamics such as the vehicle speed per acceleration (v·apos) and the relative positive acceleration (RPA) to determine whether the driving during these tests is normal or abnormal. However, this is not an appropriate way to assess the driving dynamics because the v⋅apos and the RPA do not represent engine load, which is directly related to exhaust emissions. Therefore, in the present study, new driving dynamic variables are proposed. These variables use engine acceleration calculated from wheel force instead of the acceleration calculated from the vehicle speed, so they are proportional to the engine load. In addition, a variable of driving dynamics during braking is calculated using the negative wheel force. This variable can be used to improve the accuracy of the emission assessment by analyzing the braking pattern.

scholarly journals Trends in PM2.5 Concentration in Nagoya, Japan, from 2003 to 2018 and Impacts of PM2.5 Countermeasures

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Makiko Yamagami ◽  
Fumikazu Ikemori ◽  
Hironori Nakashima ◽  
Kunihiro Hisatsune ◽  
Kayo Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

In Japan, various countermeasures have been undertaken to reduce the atmospheric concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We evaluated the extent to which these countermeasures were effective in reducing PM2.5 concentrations by analyzing the long-term concentration trends of the major components of PM2.5 and their emissions in Nagoya City. PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 53% over the 16-year period from fiscal years 2003 to 2018 in Nagoya City. Elemental carbon (EC) was the component of PM2.5 with the greatest decrease in concentration over the 16 years, decreasing by 4.3 μg/m3, followed by SO42− (3.0 μg/m3), organic carbon (OC) (2.0 μg/m3), NH4+ (1.6 μg/m3), and NO3− (1.3 μg/m3). The decrease in EC concentration was found to be caused largely by the effect of diesel emission control. OC concentrations decreased because of the effects of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission regulations for stationary sources and reductions in VOCs emitted by vehicles and construction machinery. NO3− concentrations decreased alongside decreased contributions from vehicles, construction machinery, and stationary sources, in descending order of the magnitude of decrease. Although these findings identify some source control measures that have been effective in reducing PM2.5, they also reveal the ineffectiveness of some recent countermeasures for various components, such as those targeting OC concentrations.

Development of a Low Emissions Upgrade Kit for EMD GP20D and GP15D Locomotives

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
John C. Hedrick ◽  
Tom Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Tier 3

This paper describes the development of a low emissions upgrade kit for EMD GP20D and GP15D locomotives. These locomotives were originally manufactured in 2001, and met EPA Tier 1 locomotive emission regulations. The 1,491 kW (2,000 HP) EMD GP20D locomotives are powered by Caterpillar 3516B engines, and the 1,119 kW (1,500 HP) EMD GP15D locomotives are powered by Caterpillar 3512B engines. CIT Rail owns a fleet of 50 of these locomotives that are approaching their mid-life before first overhaul. Baseline exhaust emissions testing was followed by a low emissions retrofit development focusing on fuel injection timing, crankcase ventilation filtration, and application of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), and then later a diesel particulate filter (DPF). The result was a EPA Tier 0+ certification of the low emissions upgrade kit, with emission levels below EPA Line-Haul Tier 3 NOx, and Tier 4 HC, CO, and PM levels.

Technology for Meeting the 1991 U.S.A. Exhaust Emission Regulations on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Mori ◽  
Hiroshi Kamikubo ◽  
Tohru Kawatani ◽  
Toshiji Obara ◽  
Izumi Fukano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Effect of Butanol on the Performance of DeNOx Aftertreatment Systems of a Diesel Vehicle Under WLTC Driving Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Calle-Asensio ◽  
Juan José Hernández ◽  
José Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Víctor Domínguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Lean Nox Trap ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Lean Nox ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Abstract Advanced biofuels and electrofuels, among which are medium-long chain alcohols, have gained importance in the transport sector with the enforcement of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001). In parallel, last European emission regulations have become much more restrictive regarding NOx, so vehicle manufacturers have been forced to incorporate lean NOx trap (LNT) and/or selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Thus, the combination of modern DeNOx devices and the upcoming higher contribution of sustainable biofuels is a new challenge. In this work, two Euro 6 diesel vehicles, one equipped with LNT and the other with ammonia-SCR, have been tested following the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) at warm (24°C) and cold (−7°C) conditions using conventional diesel fuel and a diesel-butanol (90/10% vol.) blend. While the effect of butanol on the LNT efficiency was not significant, its influence on the SCR performance was notable during the low and medium-speed phases of the driving cycle, mainly under warm climatic conditions. Despite of the lower NOx concentration at the catalyst inlet, the worst efficiency of the SCR with butanol could be attributed to hydrocarbons deposition on the catalyst surface, which inhibits the NOx reduction reactions with ammonia. Moreover, the LNT was not sensitive to the ambient temperature while the SCR performance greatly depended on this parameter.

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