Unsafe Sex: The Dangers of Novel Predators and Other Terrestrial Influences for Beach-Spawning Fishes and Their Embryos

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Keyword(s):  
Unsafe Sex

scholarly journals High levels of used syringe use and unsafe sex among people who inject drugs in Kumasi, Ghana: an urgent call for a comprehensive harm reduction approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Messersmith ◽  
Rose Adjei ◽  
Jennifer Beard ◽  
Angela R. Bazzi ◽  
Joel J. Earlywine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Syringe Sharing ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Major Drug

Abstract Background Drug use is a growing concern in Ghana. People who inject drugs (PWID) are highly vulnerable to HIV and other infectious diseases. Ghana’s National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS 2016–2020 identifies PWID as a key population, but efforts to address the needs of PWID have lagged behind those targeting sex workers and men who have sex with men. Lack of information about PWID is a critical barrier to implementing effective HIV prevention and treatment. We aimed to learn more about the vulnerability of the PWID population in order to inform much-needed harm reduction interventions. Methods From April to July 2018, we conducted a mixed methods study in Kumasi, Ghana, to identify all major drug using locations, count the numbers of PWID to obtain rough population size estimations, and administer anonymous surveys to 221 PWID regarding drug use and sexual behavior. We also tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV from syringes used by survey participants. Results Key informants identified five major drug using locations and estimated the total PWID population size to be between 600 and 2000. Enumerators counted between 35 and 61 individuals present at each of the five bases. Sharing syringes and reusing discarded syringes are common practices. Over half of survey participants (59%) reported past-month syringe sharing (34% used a used syringe and 52% gave away a used syringe). Individuals with higher injection frequency (≥ 21 times weekly) and who injected with four or more people had higher odds of syringe sharing. Of the survey participants reporting sex in the last month (23%), most reported having one partner, but only 12% used condoms. Nearly all women (11/13) reported exchanging sex for drugs and 6/13 reported exchanging sex for money in the last six months. Fifteen percent of participants (all men) reported paying for sex using drugs or money. Of the used syringes, prevalence estimates were 3% (HIV), 2% (HCV), and 9% (HBV). Conclusions Our findings confirm the urgent need to implement harm reduction interventions targeting PWID and to build a strong and enabling legal and policy environment in Ghana to support these efforts.

scholarly journals HIV Risk Behavior and Beliefs of HIV-Seropositive Drug Users

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hartgers ◽  
Pieta Krijnen ◽  
Johanna A.R. van den Hoek ◽  
Roel A. Coutinho ◽  
Joop van der Pligt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Female Prostitute ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv Negative

To assess HIV risk behavior, beliefs, attitudes and intentions among HIV-seropositive drug users (DUs), we studied 122 HIV-positive DUs (including ninety-five current injectors) participating in a longitudinal HIV-study among DUs in Amsterdam. All were familiar with their serostatus. Over a period of four months, 20% of the sample put others at risk of HIV infection, mainly through unsafe sex. Forty-nine percent think they might infect someone with HIV in the future, again mainly through unsafe sex. Although the majority intends to use condoms, self-efficacy and response efficacy is low; that is, many do not think they are able to use condoms when necessary and many have limited confidence in the efficacy of condoms in preventing HIV transmission. Correlates of HIV risk behavior were non-Dutch nationality and being a female prostitute. The results suggest that, next to efforts which aim to prevent new infections among HIV-negative injectors or sexual partners of injectors, prevention efforts should focus on HIV-seropositive DUs or former DUs.

Nomadic sexualities: an in-depth case study about unsafe sex

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Unsafe Sex

scholarly journals Influence of HIV positive status on sexual behavior among males

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira M. Ventura-Filipe ◽  
Stan P. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
High Level

OBJECTIVE: To compare HIV seronegative (HIV-) and HIV seropositive (HIV+) males in terms of sexual behavior with female and male partners of different types. METHOD: Cross-sectional study. From August 1994 to February 1995, a sample of 236 respondents (150 HIV- and 86 HIV+) recruited from public health centers in the State of S. Paulo (Brazil), answered a questionnaire, including questions on demographic aspects, HIV and AIDS related knowledge, sexual orientation, use of alcohol and other drugs, sexual behavior with regular and casual female and male partners, and perceived risk of HIV infection. Sexual behavior with regular and casual female and male partners within the previous three months, was investigated. RESULTS: A lower proportion of HIV+ engaged in sexual contact with regular female partners (p < .01) and in vaginal intercourse with this type of partner (p < .01). A lower proportion of HIV+ engaged in overall sexual activity (p < .001) and reported lower frequency of penetrative sexual practices (p < .05). A high level of condom use with female and male partners was identified with no significant differences being found between the two serostatus groups. Some risky sexual behavior was identified, however, especially with regular partners, suggesting that some men were continuing to practice unsafe sex. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of condom use identified suggests that safer sex advice has been taken up. Condom use was not universal, however, and some men continue to place themselves at risk, especially with regular partners. Prevention programs should strive not only to encourage HIV- to practice safer sex, but also to encourage HIV+ to do so in order to prevent further transmission of the virus.

scholarly journals MASSER AF GRUNDE TIL USIKKER SEX: En undersøgelse af gode forklaringer

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Aids

Anders Dahl: Plenty of Reasons for Unsafe Sex. An Investigation of Good Explanations Information campaigns on HIV/AIDS have been running for more than ten years, but still it is difficult to demonstrate any changes in the sexual behaviour of the Danish population, except in regard of men who have sex with men. Analyses of dialogues of telephone counselling at the AIDS Hotline in Copenhagen give insights into the explanations that counselling-seeking persons themselves give conceming their unsafe sexual behaviour. It appears that safe sex is generally considered easy and simple, and therefore instances of unsafe sexual behaviour come to be regarded as “slips” and not as a pattem of behaviour. Choices of sexual behaviour are not determined by knowledge alone, but also by culturally informed personal experience and the context of the sexual act. The article points towards a new strategy in future HIV/AIDS-related work, putting greater emphasis on dialogue with people with risk behaviour, e.g. in connection with HIV-testing. The use of the data collected at the hotline demonstrates new paths in the difficult field of sex research. Also, it appears from the data that the study of the so-called risk groups for HIV is probably not the most useful way to reach an understanding of sexual risk taking, as reasons for unsafe sex transcend such groups.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of HIV among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centers Clients, Elgenina Town, West Darfur, Sudan.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Ahmed, M. Hussein ◽  
Ahmed Mokhtar Osman Mohammed ◽  
Dawria, Adam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nonprobability Sample ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study was conducted in two (VCTs) at Elgenina town, the capital of West Darfur State in Sudan in period from November 2010 to February 2011, the study included all people attending VCTs in Elgeniena town for voluntary checking one hundred and fifty clients who visited the (VCT) centers and volunteered were included in this study, nonprobability sample, 150 volunteers was taken and covered all ages, One ml of blood was taken from each of the study sample and tested by rapid Immune Chromatographic (ICT) for HIV, a structured questionnaire was designed and the interviewed after a written consent to participate in the study was signed, data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical programmer and for possible association between study variables, the Chi square test was used, the study showed that 35 volunteers (23.33%) were positives, of whom 54.3% 19 were males. People having more than one sex partner were high 63.6% with statistically significant factor of getting infection (P.value = 0.00). Also, practicing unsafe sex were 5.2% another major risky (P.value = 0.00). Among the HIV positive cases 34.3% were drug users, compared to 20.9% from the HIV negatives (p. value = 0.10). There is no relation between education level and infection with HIV (p .value = 0.154). Forty two percent of the participants were single, 30% married, 10% divorced, 7.3% widows and 10.7% were separate

scholarly journals Association Between ???Safer Sex Fatigue??? and Rectal Gonorrhea Is Mediated by Unsafe Sex With Casual Partners Among HIV-Positive Homosexual Men

2006 ◽  
Vol PAP ◽  
Author(s):  
Ineke G. Stolte ◽  
John B. F. de Wit ◽  
Marion Kolader ◽  
Han S. A. Fennema ◽  
Roel A. Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safer Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Unsafe Sex

scholarly journals Assessing mobile technology use and mHealth acceptance among HIV-positive men who have sex with men and transgender women in Malaysia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248705
Author(s):  
Archana Krishnan ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Claire Cravero ◽  
Adeeba Kamarulzaman ◽  
Frederick L. Altice
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Mobile health (mHealth) can be beneficial in monitoring the complex healthcare regimen for people with HIV that includes adhering to medication and refraining from risky practices such as unsafe sex and injection drug use. Not only is mHealth often implemented without appropriate feasibility and acceptability research, but there is limited mHealth research among key HIV-positive populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). Methods This study assessed access to and use of mobile technology and acceptability of mHealth among 150 HIV-positive MSM and TGW who were prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malaysia–an emerging economy with rapid telecommunications growth and societal stigma against these groups. Results Findings among the 114 MSM and 36 TGW reveal high levels of depression (42%), stigma (2.53/4.00) and risky sexual behavior (30%), and suboptimal ART adherence (22%). On the other hand, the sample had excellent access to smartphones (75.3%) and the internet (78%), and had high acceptance of mHealth especially for those with suboptimal ART adherence. Conclusion In settings like Malaysia where homosexuality and cross-dressing are socially and legally stigmatized, HIV prevention and treatment strategies delivered using an mHealth platform have the potential to overcome in-person barriers.

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