Case studies of reservoir sedimentation as a consequence of soil erosion

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation

scholarly journals Harvesting subterranean clover seed – current practices, technology and issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Wesley M. Moss ◽  
Andrew L. Guzzomi ◽  
Kevin J. Foster ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Phillip G. H. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Pasture Plant ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Pasture Legume

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is Australia’s most widely sown annual pasture legume. Its widespread use as a pasture plant requires a well-functioning seed production industry, and Australia is the only significant producer of subterranean clover seed globally. However, the sustainability of this industry is under threat due to its reliance on ageing harvest equipment and the resultant environmental impacts. In order to evaluate seed harvesting practices, technology, and issues, we report on case studies, workshops, and a survey of seed producers across southern Australia. The Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester, designed in the 1950s, remains the most popular subterranean clover seed harvester. We discuss its use and modifications, and document several contemporary issues facing the seed production industry. Issues are primarily soil erosion and degradation; the expensive, slow and labour-intensive harvest process; and poor reliability and maintainability of harvesters that are now at least 30 years old. We conclude the root cause of these issues is the suction harvest technology utilised by the Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester. Analysis of the current harvest system is provided to support the development of new approaches to harvest subterranean clover seeds.

scholarly journals Sediment Yield and Soil Loss Estimation Using GIS Based Soil Erosion Model: A Case Study in the MAN Catchment, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Manti Patil ◽  
Radheshyam Patel ◽  
Arnab Saha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. It broadly affects to agricultural land and reservoir sedimentation and its consequences are very harmful. In agricultural land, soil erosion affects the fertility of soil and its composition, crop production, soil quality and land quality, yield and crop quality, infiltration rate and water holding capacity, organic matter and plant nutrient and groundwater regimes. In reservoir sedimentation process the consequences of soil erosion process are reduction of the reservoir capacity, life of reservoir, water supply, power generation etc. Based on these two aspects, an attempt has been made to the present study utilizing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in integration with remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the spatial pattern of annual rate of soil erosion, average annual soil erosion rate and erosion prone areas in the MAN catchment. The RUSLE considers several factors such as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land use and land cover and erosion control practice for soil erosion prediction. In the present study, it is found that average annual soil erosion rate for the MAN catchment is 13.01-tons/ha/year, which is higher than that of adopted and recommended values for the project. It has been found that 53% area of the MAN catchment has negligible soil erosion rate (less than 2-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution found on flat land of upper MAN catchment. It has been detected that 26% area of MAN catchment has moderate to extremely severe soil erosion rate (greater than 10-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution has been found on undulated topography of the middle MAN catchment. It is proposed to treat this area by catchment area treatment activity.

scholarly journals Effects of historical land use and land pattern changes on soil erosion – Case studies from Lower Austria and Central Bohemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 674-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Devátý ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
Rosemarie Hösl ◽  
Josef Krása ◽  
Peter Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Land Use

scholarly journals MODELLING RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AT BIN EL OUIDANE DAM, MOROCCO

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
El Mouatassime SABRI ◽  
Ahmed BOUKDIR ◽  
Rachid El MASLOUHI ◽  
Mustapha MABROUKI ◽  
Abdellah EL MAHBOUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Bin El Ouidane

This study was conducted in the Oued El Abid watershed upstream of the Bin ElOuidane dam, in Tadla-Azilal province (Morocco) to quantify the dam siltationrates. To assess the annual soil erosion and the sediment yield the universal soilloss equation (USLE) was used. A geographic information system (GIS) was usedto generate and integrate maps of the USLE factors. A spatial distribution of soilerosion in the Oued El Abid watershed was obtained. The soil erosion wasdetermined for each rural commune in order to identify the soil erosion hotspot andestimate the amount of soil that has been transported downstream (Bin El OuidaneDam). Soil erosion ranged from very limited values for flat and well covered areasto over 2100 t /ha/y in mountainous areas with sparse vegetation. The total annualsoil loss within the watershed is estimated at 19. 6 million tons per year. Anequation of sediment delivery ratio (SDR) based on river gradient was calculated.It was found that the value of SDR at the outlet of the watershed Oued El Abid was0. 65 with a sediment yield of 12. 74 million tons per year which affect thedurability of the dam.

Assessment of Reservoir Storage Capacity Loss and Investigating the Effects of Climate Variability on Reservoir Sedimentation in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epari Ritesh Patro ◽  
Carlo De Michele
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future

<p>Reservoir sedimentation has a prominent impact on the hydropower performance in the future and is a growing concern for hydropower stakeholders. Sedimentation caused by soil erosion is influenced by various parameters. Reservoir sedimentation is one of the most challenging problems that affect hydroelectric production since it overall causes a reduction of the reservoir capacity that overcomes the annual increase in storage volume and implies a dangerous net loss of energy. The first part of this study examined various Italian reservoirs (50 dams) to determine sedimentation rates and storage capacity loss based on available bathymetric surveys. All the reservoirs studied here have reached an average age of 74 years as of 2019, with the highest loss of capacity observed at 90% and the highest annual sediment yield of 2471 m<sup>3</sup>/km<sup>2</sup>/year. Out of all the reservoirs studied, 25% of them already have reached their half-life as of 2019. The second part of this study extended the work to the specific case study of the Ceppo Morelli hydropower plant. The study was carried out to analyse the water-sediment interaction, future sediment load and prioritizing of critical soil erosion areas using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The distinguishing feature of this work lies in the possibility to exploit remote sensing data (i.e. actual/potential evapotranspiration) to successfully calibrate hydrological models in scarce data regions. Simulation results indicated that the discharge and sediment load entering Ceppo Morelli reservoir will decline and the rate of reduction of latter is higher than that of former for all the future climate scenarios implemented. This analysis will provide a starting point for management and prioritization of adaptation and remediation policies for addressing the issue of reservoir sedimentation. These results are part of the RELAID project funded through PRIN-Italy. The aim of this project is to integrate updated knowledge on hydrologic, hydraulics, and sedimentation processes to address the water and flood risk management of impounded Italian rivers through a holistic paradigm.</p><p>Keywords: reservoir sedimentation; hydropower; hydrological modeling; RELAID; Italy</p>

Monitoring and Estimating Soil Loss in Agricultural Areas - Case Studies in Chania, Crete, Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthi Eirini Vozinaki ◽  
Dimitris Alexakis ◽  
Ioannis Tsanis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Yearly Average

<p>Olive and vine orchards in the island of Crete suffer from extreme soil erosion due to intense rainfall, farm slope and/or the intensification of tilling processes. This research aims to assess the impacts of agricultural practices, land use, and vegetation cover on the quantity of erosion processes in three study areas located in Western Crete. These areas provide the case studies of soil loss (erosion/deposition) monitoring analysis and assessment process. Advanced research treatments of Soil Improving Cropping Systems (SICS) are implemented and tested in three different crop types: (1) Crop cover treatment (i.e. seed with vetch) applied in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in Alikampos; (2) Tilled treatment applied in Olive orchards (Olea europaea cv. Koroneiki) in Astrikas; and (3) Crop switch treatment from Orange trees to Avocados applied in Koufos. It is notable that an avocado farm, besides providing financial benefits, can also maintain a superior overall soil quality. Soil erosion has not been measured yet for avocados, however, avocado plantations are proposed as a sustainable alternative. Soil loss is estimated for the aforementioned case studies, by comparing the results from treatments applied in SICS areas, with the Control areas, where no treatment has taken place. Three different methodologies are used in order to identify soil loss amount: (a) Sediment traps (all sites); (b) Cross sections measurement (Alikampos and Astrikas) and (c) Soil deposition reference sticks (Alikampos and Koufos). Preliminary results show that soil loss values (tn/ha), are absolute values of erosion/deposition, and range from 2.33 to 16.41 tn/ha for vineyards with no vetch (Control), from 1.64 to 13.46 tn/ha for vineyards with vetch (SICS), from 2.21 to 15.66 tn/ha for no tilled olive orchards (Control), from 0.43 to 5.8 tn/ha for tilled olive orchards (SICS), from 2.63 to 10.05 tn/ha for orange orchards (Control), and from 2.24 to 8.95 tn/ha for avocado orchards (SICS). In addition, the ongoing research has already yielded the following yearly average soil loss rates (tn/ha/yr): vineyards – Control 6.883 tn/ha/yr versus vineyards – SICS 6.587 tn/ha/yr; olive orchards -  Control 7.019 tn/ha/yr versus olive orchards – SICS 3.215 tn/ha/yr; and orange orchards – Control 6.406 tn/ha/yr versus avocados – SICS 5.386 tn/ha/yr. The above field results are also in general agreement with the yearly average soil erosion rates in the island of Crete, modeled by several researchers. All study sites show mitigation of soil loss and improvement of soil quality from the application of SICS treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to raise farmers’ awareness about their effectiveness in order to confront the consequences of soil degradation.</p><p>Keywords: Soil Loss; Sediment Traps; Soil Improving Cropping Systems; Crete</p><p>The research leading to these results is funded by H2020 program under grant agreement n° 633814<strong> (SOILCARE).</strong></p>

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