scholarly journals COLLABORATIVE PLANT BREEDING FOR ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

2014 ◽  
pp. 251-276
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Collaborative Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Collaborative Plant Breeding for Organic Agricultural Systems in Developed Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Dawson ◽  
Pierre Rivière ◽  
Jean-François Berthellot ◽  
Florent Mercier ◽  
Patrick de Kochko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Collaborative Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Alternative breeding processes: at which extent Participatory Breeding should modify the concept of ideotypes in plant breeding?

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. D606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vincourt ◽  
Pierre Carolo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alternative Organizations

The Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) concept emerged twenty years ago, particularly with the aim to build alternative organizations of the plant breeding activities in developing countries. It now as well questions the developed countries, in the frame of a more global expectation to make all the stakeholders more involved in the agricultural production, from the farmers to its final clients. We discuss here some of the questions addressed by this trend with regard to the definition of the ideotype: (a) different forms of PPB? (b) changing the paradigm: Client Oriented Breeding? (c) a new way to manage {genotype * environment} interactions? (d) mainly societal concerns at stake? (e) biodiversity and ideotypes. As the same key, technical, limiting factors are involved in both PPB and classical breeding, it is suggested to consider PPB as one of the ways in the frame of a general expectation for diversification, thus eventually resulting in the promotion of alternative ideotypes, rather than an alternative process.

A baseline study of vicine–convicine levels in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Khamassi ◽  
Fayçal Ben Jeddi ◽  
Doug Hobbs ◽  
Jose Irigoyen ◽  
Fred Stoddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Collaborative Plant Breeding ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plant Breeding Programme

Vicine and convicine are anti-nutritional compounds that accumulate in the cotyledons of faba beans. When humans consume beans with high levels of these compounds, it can cause a condition called favism in individuals harbouring a deficiency in the activity of their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. When faba beans are used in animal feeds, there can be effects on performance. These concerns have resulted in increasing interest within plant breeding in developing low vicine and convicine faba bean germplasm. In order to facilitate this objective, we developed a rapid and robust screening method for vicine and convicine, capable of distinguishing between faba beans that are either high (wild type) or low in vicine and convicine. In the absence of reliable commercial reference materials, we report an adaptation of a previously published method where a biochemical assay and spectral data were used to confirm the identity of our analytes, vicine and convicine. This method could be readily adopted in other facilities and open the way to the efficient exploitation of diverse germplasm in regions where faba beans play a significant role in human nutrition. We screened a collection of germplasm of interest to a collaborative plant breeding programme developing between the National Institute for Agricultural Botany in the UK and L'Institut Nationale d'Agronomie de Tunisie in Tunisia. We report the results obtained and discuss the prospects for developing molecular markers for the low vicine and convicine trait.

Plant breeding technologies relevant to developing countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ceccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems

AbstractThe relevance of new and traditional plant breeding technologies is discussed with particular reference to the improvement of sustainable agricultural systems in difficult environments. The focus of the paper is on barley, a crop which is grown as animal food, mostly for small ruminants, on about 17 million ha in developing countries. Barley is also a typical low-input crop being grown largely in agriculturally marginal areas by risk-averse farmers. Differences in straw quality characteristics between varieties of some crops are discussed in relation to their utilization in breeding programmes using either conventional or new technologies. A greater interaction between animal scientists and plant breeders is needed to define appropriate techniques to screen for straw quality. This is considered to be essential to incorporate straw quality characteristics in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Microbiomes in a Historical Maize/Soybean Rotation System respond to Host Species and Nitrogen Fertilization at Genus and Sub-genus Levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Meier ◽  
Martha G. Lopez-Guerrero ◽  
Ming Guo ◽  
Marty R. Schmer ◽  
Joshua R. Herr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Field Management

Root associated microbes are key players in plant health, disease resistance, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. It remains largely unclear how the interplay of biological and environmental factors affects rhizobiome dynamics in agricultural systems. Here, we quantified the composition of rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities associated with maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) in a long-term crop rotation study under conventional fertilization and low N regimes. Over two growing seasons, we evaluated the effects of environmental conditions and several treatment factors on the abundance of rhizosphere and soil colonizing microbial taxa. Time of sampling, host plant species and N fertilization had major effects on microbiomes, while no effect of crop rotation was observed. Using variance partitioning as well as 16S sequence information, we further defined a set of 82 microbial genera and functional taxonomic groups at the sub-genus level that show distinct responses to treatment factors. We identified taxa that are highly specific to either maize or soybean rhizospheres, as well as taxa that are sensitive to N fertilization in plant rhizospheres and bulk soil. This study provides insights to harness the full potential of soil microbes in maize and soybean agricultural systems through plant breeding and field management. Importance Plant roots are colonized by large numbers of microbes, some of which may help the plant acquire nutrients and fight diseases. Our study contributes to a better understanding of root-colonizing microbes in the widespread and economically important maize/soybean crop rotation system. The long-term goal of this research is to optimize crop plant varieties and field management to create the best possible conditions for beneficial plant-microbe interactions to occur. These beneficial microbes may be harnessed to sustainably reduce dependency on pesticides and industrial fertilizer. We identify groups of microbes specific to the maize or to the soybean host and microbes that are sensitive to nitrogen fertilization. These microbes represent candidates that may be influenced through plant breeding or field management, and future research will be directed towards elucidating their roles in plant health and nitrogen usage.

The Future of Phosphorus Use in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Michael McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
P Sorption Capacity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Fertilizer Technology ◽  
P Cycle

Securing the nutritional needs for our increasing population will continue to drive a healthy demand for P. Innovation will continue to broaden our viable choices for P, which combined with social drivers, will continue to generate momentum towards a more closed P cycle. Further advances in plant breeding, agronomy, and fertilizer technology are required for today’s agricultural systems on soils with high P sorption capacity.

scholarly journals Pathways for the Amplification of Agroecology in African Sustainable Urban Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Cristiana Peano ◽  
Stefano Massaglia ◽  
Chiara Ghisalberti ◽  
Francesco Sottile
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Slow Food

A growing awareness that highly intensified agricultural systems have made a substantial worldwide contribution to the worsening of the resilience capacity of natural ecosystems has, over the last twenty years, brought general attention to agroecological management models. This aspect is even more evident in industrial agriculture, which is based on the use of multiple chemical products derived from non-natural synthesis. In more developed countries, a new idea of ecology linked to agricultural production has been increasingly developed and, for this reason, there has been a greater diffusion of differentiated agricultural models taking into consideration the environmental impact of production choices and policies addressed to the conservation of natural resources. In urban agricultural production, it is even more important to adopt resilient production models that, in addition to developing responsible production paths and allowing a positive connection with the needs of consumers, guarantees reasonable and positive behaviors respecting the environment in which most of the urban population lives; in other words, the implementation of goal 12 of the sustainable development goals (SDG #12 Responsible Production and Consumption) of the United Nations. In this work, we report some case studies inspired by the activities carried out by the Slow Food Association in Africa and demonstrate the importance of agroecological models in small-scale agricultural systems, related to the development of school and community gardens in small urban areas of different African countries, as a tool for integrating agricultural activities aimed at social resilience and the conservation of ecosystems.

Global agenda for livestock research

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Benefits And Costs

AbstractThe global agenda for livestock research must be led by the requirements for agricultural development, recognizing the integral and complementary rôle livestock play in sustainable agricultural systems. Demand for meat and milk will increase by more than 150 per cent over the next three decades, fuelled by the combination of income growth, population increase and urbanization. Increased demand will be primarily in developing regions, where current consumption per capita is low and livestock production systems are inefficient relative to those in developed countries. This situation encourages development to increase supply of livestock product. Research can facilitate sustainable livestock development to serve the needs of both producers and consumers.The benefits already realized from past investments in research, primarily in developed countries, help make the case for investing in livestock research. Nevertheless, the resources available for research are limited; choices must be made and expected benefits and costs should guide priorities. These benefits and costs should take into account social and environmental as well as financial values. Procedures for valuing the contribution of livestock research to sustainable development are inadequate and, in themselves, are a priority in the global agenda.Priorities for research differ but are generally linked across the levels of agricultural systems: household, community, landscape, national, regional and international. Specific priorities in the global agenda vary with livestock species (ruminant, non-ruminant), production systems (grazing, mixed, industrial), agro-ecological and socio-economic factors (especially, those differing for developed and developing regions) and whether research will be supported by public or private sector funding. The priorities for developing countries emphasize increasing productivity and efficiency; whereas for developed countries, more emphasis is given to food safety, zoonotic diseases and environmental issues. Non-traditional, but increasingly important priorities derive from the need for information and technologies to improve soil and water management to ensure long-term sustainability of livestock production systems and for socio-economic analysis to provide policy options for decision makers.The global agenda for livestock research is broad, embracing the full spectrum from basic to adaptive research. The traditional animal sciences will continue to be important but there is increasing need to draw from crop and environment research, from human health and genetics research, inter alia. Results from research in developed regions can be adapted to the needs of livestock systems in developing regions. In return, research on genetic resistance developed through natural selection in livestock populations in developing regions, may provide environmentally friendly means to control livestock disease and parasites in developed regions. The challenges posed by the global agenda are considerable. To meet these challenges, partnerships are required, linking skills, capacities and access to problems. The successes of these research partnerships will meet the requirements for sustainable agricultural development and ensure support for livestock research in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document