Diet and Lifestyle Changes as Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 230-251
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

scholarly journals Pharmacological management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Limitations, challenges and new therapeutic opportunities

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Eleni A. Karavia ◽  
Kyriakos E. Kypreos
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Stress Changes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of metabolic disorders ranging from a simple accumulation of excess triglycerides in the liver (hepatic steatosis) to hepatic steatosis with inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis (steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). Studies in humans and animal models suggested that alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, increased generation of reactive oxygen species and consequently oxidative stress, changes in mitochondrial function, DNA damage, microbial infections and release of various cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression to NASH. Recent data also suggest an important role of the lipoprotein transport system in hepatic lipid deposition. Currently, no drugs are approved for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH and existing pharmacotherapy aims at the management of intercurrent diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All guidelines acknowledge that any medicines prescribed for NAFLD treatment should be considered as an off-label treatment and that their efficacy and safety should be carefully monitored. Although current pharmacotherapy may seem limited and of questionable efficacy, there is optimism that innovative safe and effective options for the management of the disease will be made available shortly since specialized drugs such as obeticholic acid, elafibranor and cenicriviroc, are presently tested in clinical trials. Given that patients with NAFLD without steatohepatitis or fibrosis have excellent prognosis if they adopt appropriate therapeutic lifestyle changes, it is generally accepted that pharmacological treatments should be limited to those with established NASH and fibrosis while subjects with early manifestations of NAFLD should resort to therapeutic lifestyle and nutritional changes.

scholarly journals Diet and Lifestyle in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Roberto Martínez-Beamonte ◽  
Sergio Acín ◽  
Adela Ramírez-Torres ◽  
María Ángeles Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

scholarly journals Obeticholic Acid: A New Era in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Abenavoli ◽  
Tetyana Falalyeyeva ◽  
Luigi Boccuto ◽  
Olena Tsyryuk ◽  
Nazarii Kobyliak
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Obeticholic Acid ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

The main treatments for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are currently based on lifestyle changes, including ponderal decrease and dietary management. However, a subgroup of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), who are unable to modify their lifestyle successfully, may benefit from pharmaceutical support. Several drugs targeting pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD have been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of NASH. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear key regulator controlling several processes of the hepatic metabolism. NAFLD has been proven to be associated with abnormal FXR activity. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a first-in-class selective FXR agonist with anticholestatic and hepato-protective properties. Currently, OCA is registered for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. However, promising effects of OCA on NASH and its metabolic features have been reported in several studies.

Hyperferritinemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Iron Accumulation or Inflammation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 476-482
Author(s):  
Wenke Moris ◽  
Pauline Verhaegh ◽  
Daisy Jonkers ◽  
Cees van Deursen ◽  
Ger Koek
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Cochrane Library

AbstractHyperferritinemia, observed in inflammation, iron overload as well as in combination of both, is found in ∼30% of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. The authors summarized the evidence regarding the potential cause of hyperferritinemia in NAFLD, as this may affect the indicated therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library. In the majority of NAFLD patients, hyperferritinemia is due to inflammation without hepatic iron overload. In a smaller group, a dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) is found, showing hyperferritinemia in combination with mild iron accumulation in the reticuloendothelial cells. The smallest group consists of NAFLD patients with hemochromatosis. Phlebotomy is only effective with hepatocellular iron overload and should not be the treatment when hyperferritinemia is related to inflammation, whether or not combined with DIOS. Treatment with lifestyle changes is to date probably the more effective way until new medication is becoming available.

scholarly journals History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Lonardo ◽  
Simona Leoni ◽  
Khalid A. Alswat ◽  
Yasser Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
History Of

Based on the assumption that characterizing the history of a disease will help in improving practice while offering a clue to research, this article aims at reviewing the history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults and children. To this end, we address the history of NAFLD histopathology, which begins in 1980 with Ludwig’s seminal studies, although previous studies date back to the 19th century. Moreover, the principal milestones in the definition of genetic NAFLD are summarized. Next, a specific account is given of the evolution, over time, of our understanding of the association of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome, spanning from the outdated concept of “NAFLD as a manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome”, to the more appropriate consideration that NAFLD has, with metabolic syndrome, a mutual and bi-directional relationship. In addition, we also report on the evolution from first intuitions to more recent studies, supporting NAFLD as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This association probably has deep roots, going back to ancient Middle Eastern cultures, wherein the liver had a significance similar to that which the heart holds in contemporary society. Conversely, the notions that NAFLD is a forerunner of hepatocellular carcinoma and extra-hepatic cancers is definitely more modern. Interestingly, guidelines issued by hepatological societies have lagged behind the identification of NAFLD by decades. A comparative analysis of these documents defines both shared attitudes (e.g., ultrasonography and lifestyle changes as the first approaches) and diverging key points (e.g., the threshold of alcohol consumption, screening methods, optimal non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and drug treatment options). Finally, the principal historical steps in the general, cellular and molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD are reviewed. We conclude that an in-depth understanding of the history of the disease permits us to better comprehend the disease itself, as well as to anticipate the lines of development of future NAFLD research.

scholarly journals Management of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Hashem ◽  
Amani Khalouf ◽  
Andres Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractWith the recent urbanization and globalization, the adult obesity rate has been increasing, which was paralleled with a dramatic surge in the incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD poses a growing threat to human health as it represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. It encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions starting from a build-up of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis), to developing inflammation (steatohepatitis), and reaching up to cirrhosis. It is also associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortalities. Therefore, proper timely treatment is essential and weight loss remains the cornerstone in the treatment of obesity-related liver diseases. When diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes are not successful, the current recommendation for weight loss includes antiobesity medications and bariatric endoscopic and surgical interventions. These interventions have shown to result in significant weight loss and improve liver steatosis and fibrosis. In the current literature review, we highlight the expected outcomes and side effects of the currently existing options to have a weight-centric NAFLD approach.

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