Appendix A: Calculating System Development Charges Using Alternative Approaches—Background Information

2014 ◽  
pp. 487-490
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Alternative Approaches

At&T Image Analysis System Development for Manual Lifts

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (16) ◽  
pp. 1056-1059
Author(s):  
Bahador Ghahramani ◽  
Lawrence B. Fleischer ◽  
Jerome J. Congleton ◽  
Joseph W. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
System Development ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
System User ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Niosh Lifting Equation

AT&T Video Ergonomics Evaluator System (AT&T-VEE) is a state-of-the-art computer analysis system used to analyze the hazards of a Manual Material Handling (MMH) task. This project was funded and managed by the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT & T) and designed and developed at Texas A&M University. The system is a lifting analyses tool for the 1992 NIOSH Lifting Equation to determine minimal user effort in lifting an object and to standardize the outputs. This system is now capable of providing the AT & T safety specialists with clear access to: complete NIOSH analyses, pictures of the lift environment, and background information on the MMH process. It was determined that a system, such as AT & T-VEE, was needed to reduce AT & T's MMH injuries and ensuing problems. The scope of the project was to develop a menu driven, user friendly system that would provide employees with the ability to determine the maximum weight of objects utilized at MMH tasks. In order to perform a lifting analysis, a video tape of a manual lift is first produced. The system user, in conjunction with a computer, enters employee's measurement landmarks and points of analyses, e.g., ankles, load center, weight, etc. AT & T-VEE produces a NIOSH Lifting Equation analyses, pictures and records of the MMH task.

scholarly journals The therapeutic potential of targeting tryptophan catabolism in cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane A. Opitz ◽  
Luis F. Somarribas Patterson ◽  
Soumya R. Mohapatra ◽  
Dyah L. Dewi ◽  
Ahmed Sadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolism ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractBased on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator of cancer progression. Three enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1/2) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), catalyse the first step of the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). The notion of inhibiting IDO1 using small-molecule inhibitors elicited high hopes of a positive impact in the field of immuno-oncology, by restoring anti-tumour immune responses and synergising with other immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition. However, clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors have yielded disappointing results, hence raising many questions. This review will discuss strategies to target Trp-degrading enzymes and possible down-stream consequences of their inhibition. We aim to provide comprehensive background information on Trp catabolic enzymes as targets in immuno-oncology and their current state of development. Details of the clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors, including patient stratification, possible effects of the inhibitors themselves, effects of pre-treatments and the therapies the inhibitors were combined with, are discussed and mechanisms proposed that might have compensated for IDO1 inhibition. Finally, alternative approaches are suggested to circumvent these problems.

scholarly journals Out of Scandinavia: Alternative Approaches to Software Design and System Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Floyd ◽  
Wolf-Michael Mehl ◽  
Fanny-Michaela Resin ◽  
Gerhard Schmidt ◽  
Gregor Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Alternative Approaches

scholarly journals Indicators to guide health equity work in local public health agencies: a locally driven collaborative project in Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benita Cohen ◽  
Katherine Salter ◽  
Anita Kothari ◽  
Marlene Janzen Le Ber ◽  
Suzanne Lemieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
System Development ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies

Introduction Funded by a Public Health Ontario ‘Locally Driven Collaborative Project’ grant, a team led by public health practitioners set out to develop and test a comprehensive set of indicators to guide health equity work in local public health agencies (LPHAs). Methods The project began with a scoping review, consultation with content experts, and development of a face-validated set of indicators aligned with the four public health roles to address health inequities (NCCDH, 2014), plus a fifth set of indicators related to an organizational and system development role. We report here on the field testing of the indicators for feasibility, face validity (clarity, relevance), reliability, and comparability in four Ontario LPHAs. Data were collected by two separate individuals or groups at each site, during two consecutive periods. These individuals participated in separate focus groups at the end of each test period, which further examined indicator clarity, data source availability and relevance. A third focus group explored anticipated indicator uses. Results Field testing showed that indicators addressed important issues in all public health roles. Although the capacity for indicator use varied, all test sites found the indicators useful. Suggestions for improved clarity were used to refine the final set of indicators, and to develop a Health Equity Indicator User Guide with background information and recommended resources. Conclusion The process of evaluating health equity-related activity within LPHAs is still in its early stages. This project provides Ontario LPHAs with a tool to guide health equity work that may be adaptable to other Canadian jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Students’ Creative Work with Titles of Texts as the Component of Training for their Professional Activity Under Conditions of Mountain Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Oleh Komar
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Mountain Environment ◽  
Potential Use

The article presents the attempt to reveal peculiarities of organization of students’creative work with titles of texts as the important component of their training for professionalactivity under conditions of mountain environment. The author accentuates on important aspectsof Ukrainian foreign languages education system development and remarks that pragmatic aspectof comprehension of authentic texts titles plays an important role in foreign languages teaching.The titles are analyzed through their semantic and pragmatic peculiarities. Specific examples aregiven in order to sustain the ideas presented in the article. Afterwards the author presents theapproximate classification of various techniques of work with the titles of authentic texts which areparticularly applicable in the schools of mountain regions. These techniques are presented andanalyzed from the viewpoint of potential use of cultural and background information content oftitles in the process of foreign languages teaching.

scholarly journals Machine Learning–Based Screening of Healthy Meals From Image Analysis: System Development and Pilot Study

10.2196/18507 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e18507
Author(s):  
Kyoko Sudo ◽  
Kazuhiko Murasaki ◽  
Tetsuya Kinebuchi ◽  
Shigeko Kimura ◽  
Kayo Waki
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
System Development ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Registered Dietitian ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship

Background Recent research has led to the development of many information technology–supported systems for health care control, including systems estimating nutrition from images of meals. Systems that capture data about eating and exercise are useful for people with diabetes as well as for people who are simply on a diet. Continuous monitoring is key to effective dietary control, requiring systems that are simple to use and motivate users to pay attention to their meals. Unfortunately, most current systems are complex or fail to motivate. Such systems require some manual inputs such as selection of an icon or image, or by inputting the category of the user’s food. The nutrition information fed back to users is not especially helpful, as only the estimated detailed nutritional values contained in the meal are typically provided. Objective In this paper, we introduce healthiness of meals as a more useful and meaningful general standard, and present a novel algorithm that can estimate healthiness from meal images without requiring manual inputs. Methods We propose a system that estimates meal healthiness using a deep neural network that extracts features and a ranking network that learns the relationship between the degrees of healthiness of a meal using a dataset prepared by a human dietary expert. First, we examined whether a registered dietitian can judge the healthiness of meals solely by viewing meal images using a small dataset (100 meals). We then generated ranking data based on comparisons of sets of meal images (850 meals) by a registered dietitian’s viewing meal images and trained a ranking network. Finally, we estimated each meal’s healthiness score to detect unhealthy meals. Results The ranking estimated by the proposed network and the ranking of healthiness based on the dietitian’s judgment were correlated (correlation coefficient 0.72). In addition, extracting network features through pretraining with a publicly available large meal dataset enabled overcoming the limited availability of specific healthiness data. Conclusions We have presented an image-based system that can rank meals in terms of the overall healthiness of the dishes constituting the meal. The ranking obtained by the proposed method showed a good correlation to nutritional value–based ranking by a dietitian. We then proposed a network that allows conditions that are important for judging the meal image, extracting features that eliminate background information and are independent of location. Under these conditions, the experimental results showed that our network achieves higher accuracy of healthiness ranking estimation than the conventional image ranking method. The results of this experiment in detecting unhealthy meals suggest that our system can be used to assist health care workers in establishing meal plans for patients with diabetes who need advice in choosing healthy meals.

scholarly journals Machine Learning–Based Screening of Healthy Meals From Image Analysis: System Development and Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Sudo ◽  
Kazuhiko Murasaki ◽  
Tetsuya Kinebuchi ◽  
Shigeko Kimura ◽  
Kayo Waki
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
System Development ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Registered Dietitian ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Recent research has led to the development of many information technology–supported systems for health care control, including systems estimating nutrition from images of meals. Systems that capture data about eating and exercise are useful for people with diabetes as well as for people who are simply on a diet. Continuous monitoring is key to effective dietary control, requiring systems that are simple to use and motivate users to pay attention to their meals. Unfortunately, most current systems are complex or fail to motivate. Such systems require some manual inputs such as selection of an icon or image, or by inputting the category of the user’s food. The nutrition information fed back to users is not especially helpful, as only the estimated detailed nutritional values contained in the meal are typically provided. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we introduce healthiness of meals as a more useful and meaningful general standard, and present a novel algorithm that can estimate healthiness from meal images without requiring manual inputs. METHODS We propose a system that estimates meal healthiness using a deep neural network that extracts features and a ranking network that learns the relationship between the degrees of healthiness of a meal using a dataset prepared by a human dietary expert. First, we examined whether a registered dietitian can judge the healthiness of meals solely by viewing meal images using a small dataset (100 meals). We then generated ranking data based on comparisons of sets of meal images (850 meals) by a registered dietitian’s viewing meal images and trained a ranking network. Finally, we estimated each meal’s healthiness score to detect unhealthy meals. RESULTS The ranking estimated by the proposed network and the ranking of healthiness based on the dietitian’s judgment were correlated (correlation coefficient 0.72). In addition, extracting network features through pretraining with a publicly available large meal dataset enabled overcoming the limited availability of specific healthiness data. CONCLUSIONS We have presented an image-based system that can rank meals in terms of the overall healthiness of the dishes constituting the meal. The ranking obtained by the proposed method showed a good correlation to nutritional value–based ranking by a dietitian. We then proposed a network that allows conditions that are important for judging the meal image, extracting features that eliminate background information and are independent of location. Under these conditions, the experimental results showed that our network achieves higher accuracy of healthiness ranking estimation than the conventional image ranking method. The results of this experiment in detecting unhealthy meals suggest that our system can be used to assist health care workers in establishing meal plans for patients with diabetes who need advice in choosing healthy meals.

Alternative approaches to ultra-high resolution imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Alternative Approaches

By extrapolation of past experience, it would seem that the future of ultra-high resolution electron microscopy rests with the advances of electron optical engineering that are improving the instrumental stability of high voltage microscopes to achieve the theoretical resolutions of 1Å or better at 1MeV or higher energies. While these high voltage instruments will undoubtedly produce valuable results on chosen specimens, their general applicability has been questioned on the basis of the excessive radiation damage effects which may significantly modify the detailed structures of crystal defects within even the most radiation resistant materials in a period of a few seconds. Other considerations such as those of cost and convenience of use add to the inducement to consider seriously the possibilities for alternative approaches to the achievement of comparable resolutions.

Cross-sectional TEM specimen preparation from magneto-optical disk by ultramicrotomy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
F. Shaapur ◽  
M.J. Kim ◽  
Seh Kwang Lee ◽  
Soon Gwang Kim
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Material System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
New Material ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Original Production ◽  
Thick Medium

TEM characterization and microanalysis of the recording media is crucial and complementary to new material system development as well as quality control applications. Due to the type of material generally used for supporting the medium, i.e., a polymer, conventional macro- and microthinning procedures for thin foil preparation are not applicable. Ultramicrotorny (UM) is a viable option and has been employed in previous similar studies. In this work UM has been used for preparation of XTEM samples from a magneto-optical (MO) recording medium in its original production format.The as-received material system consisted of a 4-layer, 2100 Å thick medium including a 300 Å TbFeCo layer enveloped by silicon nitride protective layers supported on a 1.2 mm thick × 135 mm (5.25 in.) diameter polycarbonate disk. Recording tracks had an approximate pitch of 1.6 μm separated by 800 Å deep peripheral grooves. Using a Buehler Isomet low-speed diamond saw, 1 mm wide and 20 mm long strips were cut out of the disk along the recording tracks.

Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hofmann ◽  
Joseph Bolton ◽  
Susan Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Speaking Valve ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Abstract At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document