3-Dimensional numerical modeling of SPB shield TBM tunneling-induced ground settlement considering volume loss processes

2014 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunku Park ◽  
Seokbue Chang ◽  
Seungbok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Ground Settlement ◽  
3 Dimensional

A 3-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Volume Loss Following Submental Cryolipolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Jain ◽  
Nicholas E Savage ◽  
Kelly Spiteri ◽  
Broughton J Snell
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cryolipolysis is a proven and effective means of fat reduction; however, there are no standardized means of measuring volume reduction. Objectives We aim to assess the volume loss using a 3-dimensional (3D) analysis following submental cryolipolysis. Methods A retrospective cohort study between April 2016 and August 2018 was performed. Thirty-five patients underwent a single 45-minute cycle of cryolipolysis to the submental region using the CoolSculpting System. A 3-fold analysis was performed employing an independent observer assessment of 2-dimensional photographs and 3D volumetric analysis utilizing the Vectra XT system, and patient satisfaction was measured with the FACE-Q questionnaire. Results Our results suggested the mean (standard deviation) pretreatment volume (n = 35) was 104.12 cm3 (28.78). The 6-week mean posttreatment volume (n = 26) was 81.55 cm3 (21.29). The mean volume reduction found at 6 weeks posttreatment showed a reduction of 22.46 cm3 (19.10) (95% CI 14.74 to 30.17, P < 0.0001). The 12-week mean posttreatment volume (n = 24) was 82.24 cm3 (23.97). The 12-week posttreatment demonstrated a reduction of 22.30 cm3 (14.04) (95% CI 16.37 to 28.23, P < 0.0001). The mean percentage correct for each reviewer correctly identifying the pretreatment and posttreatment photograph was 76.33% (7.14). Patient satisfaction showed a mean FACE-Q score of 54.10 (20.41). Conclusions The study further affirms that submental cryolipolysis is an efficacious and safe, noninvasive method for reducing submental adiposity resulting in notable patient satisfaction rates. Furthermore, results suggest that patients can have a volume loss of about 20% on average, allowing them to be more confident and comfortable with their appearance. Level of Evidence: 4

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