Obtaining Secondary Treatment with RBC/Underflow Clarifiers

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
I L Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

A one-year experimental program conducted at Edgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A. evaluated the concept of providing secondary treatment by the installation of rotating biological contactors (RBC's) in modified primary sedimentation tanks. A primary tank was divided horizontally into two zones separated by an intermediate floor. Four RBC's were placed in the upper zone. The lower zone provided secondary sedimentation. High rate primary sedimentation was provided to remove grit and trash without removing substantial portions of BOD and SS. The experimental program funded by the U.S. EPA and the Borough of Edgewater was conducted over a full year at different loads. The system proved to be an effective secondary treatment process with little difference in treatment efficiency between summer and winter conditions.

Performance Analysis of the Rotating Biological Contactor Process Based on Particle Fraction and Improvement of Final Effluent Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1457-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Minoru Tada ◽  
Mitsuo Ito ◽  
Noritugu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Fraction Method ◽  
Final Effluent

Biofilm processes are, in general, suitable for small-scale wastewater treatment plants. However, final effluent qualities of biofilm processes are not as good as those of activated sludge processes due to fine particles remaining in the effluents. To improve the effluent qualities of the Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) process, the behavior of fine particles through the process and the removal of fine particles with solids-liquid separation methods, rapid filtration and coagulation-filtration, were investigated using the particle fraction method. The results are as follows:–An increase of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the RBC reactor reduced the amount of fine particles and increased the amount of coarse suspended solids of 44 µm or more in diameter, which are easily removed by clarification. Thus, the final effluent qualities were improved by the increase of HRT.–Suspended solids in effluent from the RBC process at the standard loading are so fine that improvement of the quality is not expected by only lowering the overflow rate of a final clarifier. In contrast, rapid filtration or a coagulation-filtration process is effective. The supended solid concentration and transparency of the effluent from the final clarifier was improved by a factor of two to four, and then BOD of the final effluent was removed by 40-85%.

Packed-Cage RBC with Combined Cultivation of Suspended and Fixed-Film Biomass

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wanner ◽  
M. Sýkora ◽  
M. Kos ◽  
J. Miklenda ◽  
P. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Random Medium ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mixing Effect ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Bod Removal

The situation in the treatment of wastewaters from small sources in Czechoslovakia has been discussed and two types of manufactured rotating biological contactors have been described. The evaluation of RBCs' operation showed the main disadvantages of the contactors with conventional discs, viz. the low 0C and low mixing effect. In a newly designed RBC, the discs or packets of discs were replaced by a cage packed with a random medium. The cage was equipped with tubular aeration and mixing elements. The long-term tests with a pilot-plant and a full-scale unit using synthetic as well as municipal wastewaters proved the ability of the packed-cage RBC to achieve a low effluent BOD with such organic loadings when the effluent from the conventional RBCs already deteriorated. Besides the BOD removal the 0C of the packed-cage RBCs was tested to verify the possibility of the combined cultivation of suspended and fixed-film biomass. On the basis of results presented here, a new package wastewater treatment plant for about 500 PE will be designed.

Performance Stability of Small Biological Chemical Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
R. Storhaug
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Biological and chemical treatment plants constitute a main portion of the overall number of treatment plants in Norway. The biological and chemical plants are divided into three process groups, simultaneous precipitation and activated sludge, combined precipitation and rotating biological contactors (RBC) and post precipitation and activated sludge. Aluminium sulphate or ferric chloride are the commonly used flocculants in the chemical precipitation process. Effluent data from 174 Norwegian biological chemical treatment plants are evaluated. Compared to the effluent standards for each process group, post precipitation shows the best performance. On an average these plants have the lowest actual utilization of the design capacity. The most important factors that cause the treatment plants not to meet the effluent standards are, poor quality of the sewer system, improper design of the plant and organizational problems. Satisfactory separation of particles, flow equalization and proper operational management, are the basic demands to achieve low effluent concentrations for tot-P and BOD7.

Usacerl's Experiences with Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in the USA

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
E. D. Smith ◽  
R. J. Scholze
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents a review of collected experience of one of the U.S. Corps of Engineers research laboratories in the area of small systems for wastewater treatment. Findings and experiences are presented for the use of package plants such as rotating biological contactors (RBCs), and remote site waste treatment at military installations and recreation areas.

Dynamic changes in spatial microbial distribution in mixed-population biofilms: experimental results and model simulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Okabe ◽  
Kikuko Hirata ◽  
Yoshimasa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Microbial Distribution ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

Dynamic changes in spatial microbial distribution in mixed-population biofilms were experimentally determined using a microslicer technique and simulated by a biofilm accumulation model (BAM). Experimental results were compared with the model simulation. The biofilms cultured in partially submerged rotating biological contactors (RBC) with synthetic wastewater were used as test materials. Experimental results showed that an increase of substrate loading rate (i.e., organic carbon and NH4-N) resulted in the microbial stratification in the biofilms. Heterotrophs defeated nitrifiers and dominated in the outer biofilm, whereas nitrifiers were diluted out in the outer biofilm and forced into the inner biofilm. At higher organic loading rates, a stronger stratified microbial spatial distribution was observed, which imposed a severe internal oxygen diffusion limitation on nitrifiers and resulted in the deterioration of nitrification efficiency. Model simulations described a general trend of the stratified biofilm structure. However, the actual stratification was stronger than the simulated results. For implication in the reactor design, when the specific carbon loading rate exceeds a certain limit, nitrification will be deteriorated or require a long start-up period due to the interspecies competition resulting in oxygen diffusion limitation. The extend of microbial stratification in the biofilm is especially important for determination of feasibility of nitrification in the presence of organic matters.

Intermittent rotation as an innovative strategy for achieving nitritation in rotating biological contactors

2020 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 139675
Author(s):  
Larissa Garcez Bicelli ◽  
Matheus Ribeiro Augusto ◽  
Alessandra Giordani ◽  
Ronan Cleber Contrera ◽  
Theo S.O. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

Parameters affecting nitrifying biofilm reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boller ◽  
W. Gujer ◽  
M. Tschui
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
High Energy Consumption

The variables affecting nitrification in biofilms are identified on a theoretical basis. The influence of various design and operational parameters which affect the resulting substance fluxes into and out of the biofilm and the biomass activity regarding nitrification are illustrated with the help of experimental investigations with plastic media trickling filters, rotating biological contactors and different aerated biofilters. The results of experiments with these systems in tertiary nitrification applications reveal process limitations and technical measures to enhance nitrification performance in each system. In a case study, a comparison between the different biofilm processes and activated sludge alternatives showed that biofilm systems may lead to remarkably smaller reactor volumes, but high energy consumption due to unfavorable oxygen utilization.

scholarly journals Performance and Energy Consumption Evaluation of Rotating Biological Contactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Sharjeel Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Zakaria B Man
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Biological Performance

Biological processes are extensively used for wastewater treatment because of low organic footprint, economically feasible, and high treatment efficiency. Rotating biological contactors (RBC), an attached growth biological process offers advantage of low operating cost, simple configuration and structure, reduced bionomical footprint and thus has been extensively employed for organics and nitrogen removal. In this study, RBC was used for the treatment of synthetic domestic wastewater operating at high hydraulic and organic loading rate to demonstrate the biological performance. The results showed that the RBC achieved a treatment efficiency for COD, ammonium, TN and turbidity of 70.2%, 95.2%, 70%, and 78.9 %, respectively. The efficient nitrogen removal and increased nitrate concentration signify the presence of nitrifying bacteria which actively degrade the nitrogen compounds through the nitrification process. Thus, this system is a sound alternative for both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment for decentralized applications.

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