Dynamics of Science

2016 ◽  
pp. 122-149
Keyword(s):  
Dynamics Of Science

scholarly journals Àquelle demande les chercheurs universitaires répondent-ils?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-112
Author(s):  
Marie-Josee Legault
Keyword(s):  
New Production ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Base De Données ◽  
Science And Research ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

Dans cet article, les auteurs utilisent les résultats d'une enquête sur les pratiques de collaboration, menée en 1994 par Benoît Godin et Réjean Landry, auprès de près de 1 500 chercheurs universitaires québécois. Les données analysées ici concernent la recherche menée en collaboration entre certains chercheurs universitaires et non la collaboration entre les chercheurs et l'industrie ou le gouvernement, qui fera l'objet d'une autre analyse. L'existence d'une telle base de données leur permet de documenter la question des choix des chercheurs en matière d'organisation locale du travail, matière encore peu explorée. Cela leur permet de soumettre au test des matériaux empiriques une thèse soutenue dans un récent ouvrage de Gibbons et al (1994) (The New Production of Knowledge. The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies), selon un «nouveau» type d'organisation du travail de recherche émerge de nos jours. Or, les résultats de cette récente enquête ne permettent pas de généraliser l'émergence d'un tel mode, favorisant notamment les collaborations entre universitaires et non universitaires, agences gouvernementales ou laboratoires industriels. Parmi les caractéristiques du nouveau mode d'organisation du travail, selon Gibbons et al, les critères d'utilité sociale (et économique) des résultats de recherche et leur potentiel de transfert dans l'entreprise privée tiendraient une importance notable. Cela mettrait en évidence l'évolution de la «demande pour des connaissances» à laquelle souhaitent — ou ne souhaitent pas — répondre les chercheurs. Les pratiques des chercheurs sont très diversifiées à cet égard; elles varient d'abord selon les structures de collaboration mais aussi selon les comportements révélateurs du mode. Les auteurs montrent en effet que les chercheurs universitaires répondent à plusieurs demandes: celles des universités et des étudiants en formation, celles des organismes subventionneurs et des gouvernements, celles des entreprises et de la société exigeant des connaissances utiles, celles de leur champ disciplinaire pour l'évolution cohérente du corpus des travaux qui lui sont rattachés.

Scientific Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Barberousse
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Change ◽  
General Question ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

How should we think of the dynamics of science? What are the relationships between an earlier theory and the theory that has superseded it? This chapter introduces the heated debates on the nature of scientific change, at the intersection of philosophy of science and history of science, and their bearing on the more general question of the rationality of the scientific enterprise. It focuses on the issue of the continuity or discontinuity of scientific change and the various versions of the incommensurability thesis one may uphold. Historicist views are balanced against nagging questions regarding scientific progress (Is there such a thing? If so, how should it be defined?), the causes of scientific change (Are they to be found within scientific method itself?), and its necessity (Is the history of scientific developments an argument in favor of realism, or could we have had entirely different sciences?).

The Dynamics of Science and Technology: Social Values, Technical Norms and Scientific Criteria in the Development of Knowledge

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Edge ◽  
Wolfgang Krohn ◽  
Edwin T. Layton ◽  
Peter Weingart
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World.

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Cozzens ◽  
Michel Callon ◽  
John Law ◽  
Arie Rip
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
The Real ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

scholarly journals The Contexts and Dynamics of Science Communication and Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Rice ◽  
Howard Giles
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Message Design ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

This final contribution to this special Journal of Language and Social Psychology issue on “using the science of language to improve translation of the language of science” places the articles in the context and nature of the broader literature on science communication, particularly as it relates to the media. This framework is crafted with a view to identifying the complex factors and processes that create translation problems, highlighting models and approaches that can improve science communication. Throughout, we propose a parsimonious set of research agenda items. Scholars wishing to move between different models of science communication should take into consideration the processes of formative evaluation, intergroup accommodation, and message design logics.

Changing Struggles for Relevance in Eight Fields of Natural Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens K. Hessels ◽  
Harro van Lente ◽  
John Grin ◽  
Ruud E.H.M. Smits
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Dynamics Of Science ◽  
Scientific Fields

This paper investigates the consequences of institutional changes on academic research practices in eight fields of natural science in the Netherlands. The authors analyse the similarities and differences among the dynamics of these different fields and reflect on possible explanations for the changes observed. The study shows that the increasing pressure for productivity, as measured in bibliometric terms, can counteract the pressure for practical utility. Moreover, the work indicates that the dynamics of science varies much more across scientific fields than most of the literature suggests is the case.

Human relationship: The forgotten dynamic in palliative care

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENISE L. HAWTHORNE ◽  
NANCY J. YURKOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
World View ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Shared Humanity ◽  
Dynamics Of Science ◽  
Current Emphasis

Objective: Palliative care is a philosophy of care for individuals experiencing progressive, incurable disease. It encompasses two dynamics, science-based practice and relationship between patient, family, and health professional. Each dynamic is essential for quality palliative care, yet the requisites for each are different.Methods: The scientific process of observation and measurement requires differentiation, distance, and detachment to fulfill its demands for objectivity, whereas relationship, unobservable and immeasurable, requires sameness, closeness, and connection of a shared humanity. It is science, however, the prevailing world-view, that shapes our thinking and consequently, influences the education and practice of health professionals.Results: We explore the dynamics of science and relationship and the incongruities between them. We examine the prominence of science in palliative care and its impact on relationship.Significance of results: We contend that questioning the current emphasis of science in palliative care and discovering the joy and rewards of shared human experience will enrich the quality of life for patients, families, and health professionals.

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