Critical Roles of Rare Earth Elements in the Manufacturing of Iron, Steel, and Other Alloys Suited for Industrial Applications

2014 ◽  
pp. 200-241
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Industrial Applications

scholarly journals Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Yunpeng Du ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

scholarly journals Recovery of Metals and Rare Earth Elements by Microwave heating Technology - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
Shunda Lin ◽  
Mamdouh Omran ◽  
Shenghui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Rare Earth Minerals ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Heating Technology

: Microwave heating technology is considered one of the most likely to replace traditional heating methods due to its efficient, quick, and green heating transmission that meets the requirements of sustainable development. Microwave heating can strengthen chemical reactions and change the morphology of minerals, and it can save energy and achieve rapid and efficient heating, clean production, and emission reduction. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of microwave heating in the recovery of valuable metals (Cu, Au, V),) from metallurgical waste ore and rare earth elements from rare earth minerals in recent years, expounds the principle of microwave heating, and summarizes the previous experimental phenomena. Finally, the development potential, opportunities, and difficulties of microwave technology in future industrial applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Review of Rare Earth Elements as Fertilizers and Feed Additives: A Knowledge Gap Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Tommasi ◽  
Philippe J. Thomas ◽  
Giovanni Pagano ◽  
Genevieve A. Perono ◽  
Rahime Oral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs) are key constituents of modern technology and play important roles in various chemical and industrial applications. They also are increasingly used in agricultural and zootechnical applications, such as fertilizers and feed additives. Early applications of REEs in agriculture have originated in China over the past several decades with the objective of increasing crop productivity and improving livestock yield (e.g., egg production or piglet growth). Outside China, REE agricultural or zootechnical uses are not currently practiced. A number of peer-reviewed manuscripts have evaluated the adverse and the positive effects of some light REEs (lanthanum and cerium salts) or REE mixtures both in plant growth and in livestock yield. This information was never systematically evaluated from the growing body of scientific literature. The present review was designed to evaluate the available evidence for adverse and/or positive effects of REE exposures in plant and animal biota and the cellular/molecular evidence for the REE-associated effects. The overall information points to shifts from toxic to favorable effects in plant systems at lower REE concentrations (possibly suggesting hormesis). The available evidence for REE use as feed additives may suggest positive outcomes at certain doses but requires further investigations before extending this use for zootechnical purposes.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements: Industrial Applications and Economic Dependency of Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Charalampides ◽  
Konstantinos I. Vatalis ◽  
Baklavaridis Apostoplos ◽  
Benetis Ploutarch-Nikolas
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Dependency

scholarly journals INERALOGICAL ASPECTS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Pereira DAS NEVES ◽  
Darcson Vieira de Freitas ◽  
Lavinel G. IONESCU
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Similar Chemical

Rare earth elements or rare earth metals are group elements including the fifteen lanthanides (Z=57 to Z=71). Scandium (Z=21) and Yttrium (Z=39) are considered rare-earth by IUPAC since they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and have similar chemical properties. The present article describes the mineralogical properties of the yttrium and the lanthanides. A total of two hundred and seventy-seven (277) minerals are known, the most common being monazites and bastnazites. Rare earth metals have many important industrial applications.

scholarly journals Substitution of Rare Earth Elements in Hot Rolled Magnesium Alloys with Improved Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Neh ◽  
Madlen Ullmann ◽  
Rudolf Kawalla
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hot Rolled

Magnesium alloys containing rare earth elements offer excellent strength at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures and are distinguished by a high ignition-resistance. However, with regard to cost efficiency and the conversation of resources, these alloys are not suitable for commercial industrial applications. Therefore, the research project SubSEEMag at the Institute of Metal Forming/Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg focusses on the development of alternative alloy compositions, which meet the requirements on materials properties of magnesium alloys for industrial applications and production costs. Several magnesium alloys containing zinc, aluminum, manganese and calcium were poured in cylindrical molds at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht. The characterization of the as-cast condition was carried out by light and scanning electron microscopy. Phase compositions were determined using EDX analysis. The Mg alloys were homogenized at different temperatures. Afterwards, hot rolling to a final thickness of 2.7 mm was conducted. The influence of temperature and time of the annealing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the hot rolled condition have been investigated. The results were discussed in comparison to commercial available Mg-RE alloys.

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