Nucleophilic Substitution with Electrophilic Organic, Main Group, and Transition Metal Species

1996 ◽  
pp. 335-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Metal Species

scholarly journals Modelling strategies for the covalent functionalization of 2D phosphorene

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (48) ◽  
pp. 17243-17256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ienco ◽  
Gabriele Manca ◽  
Maurizio Peruzzini ◽  
Carlo Mealli
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Covalent Functionalization ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
Potential Acid

This paper is a comparative outline of the potential acid–base adducts formed by an unsaturated main group or transition metal species and P atoms of phosphorene (Pn), which derives from black phosphorus exfoliation.

Catalytic Fluorination of Boron Compounds at a Bismuth Redox Platform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Planas ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Markus Leutzsch ◽  
Josep Cornella
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Group Element ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Boron Compounds ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Main Group Element ◽  
Rational Ligand Design ◽  
Supplementary Material

The ability of bismuth to maneuver between different oxidation states in a catalytic redox cycle, mimicking the canonical organometallic steps associated to a transition metal, is an elusive and unprecedented approach in the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein we present a catalytic protocol based on bismuth, a benign and sustainable main-group element, capable of performing every organometallic step in the context of oxidative fluorination of boron compounds; a territory reserved to transition metals. A rational ligand design featuring hypervalent coordination together with a mechanistic understanding of the fundamental steps, permitted a catalytic fluorination protocol based on a Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couple, which represents a unique example where a main-group element is capable of outperforming its transition metal counterparts.<br>A main text and supplementary material have been attached as pdf files containing all the methodology, techniques and characterization of the compounds reported.<br>

Piperazine as an Inexpensive and Efficient Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions to Synthesize Bipyridines and Their Analogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Mingwei Chen ◽  
Jinyu Hu ◽  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
Qiming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Aryl Halides ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Good Substrate ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Homocoupling Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Cycles ◽  
Reductive Homocoupling

Aim and Objective: The synthesis of bipyridines, especially 2, 2’-bipyridines, remains challenging because the catalytic cycle can be inhibited due to coordination of bipyridine to transition metal. Thus, the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of bipyridines is highly desirable. In the present work, we presented a promising approach for preparation of bipyridines via a Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reaction with simple piperazine as a ligand. Materials and Methods: Simple and inexpensive piperazine was used as a ligand for Pd-catalyzed homocoupling reaction. The combination of Pd(OAc)2 and piperazine in dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed to form an excellent catalyst and efficiently catalyzed the homocoupling of azaarenyl halides, in which DMF was used as the solvent without excess reductants although stoichiometric reductant was generally required to generate the low-oxidation-state active metal species in the catalytic cycles. </P><P> Results: In this case, good to excellent yields of bipyridines and their (hetero) aromatic analogues were obtained in the presence of 2.5 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 5 mol% of piperazine, using K3PO4 as a base in DMF at 140°C. Conclusion: According to the results, piperazine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand was used in the Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of heteroaryl and aryl halides. The coupling reaction was operationally simple and displayed good substrate compatibility.

scholarly journals On the Coordination Role of Pyridyl-Nitrogen in the Structural Chemistry of Pyridyl-Substituted Dithiocarbamate Ligands

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Edward R.T. Tiekink
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Group Element ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Pyridyl Nitrogen ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Main Group Element ◽  
Metal Dithiocarbamates

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database was conducted for pyridyl-substituted dithiocarbamate ligands. This entailed molecules containing both an NCS2− residue and pyridyl group(s), in order to study their complexation behavior in their transition metal and main group element crystals, i.e., d- and p-block elements. In all, 73 different structures were identified with 30 distinct dithiocarbamate ligands. As a general observation, the structures of the transition metal dithiocarbamates resembled those of their non-pyridyl derivatives, there being no role for the pyridyl-nitrogen atom in coordination. While the same is true for many main group element dithiocarbamates, a far greater role for coordination of the pyridyl-nitrogen atoms was evident, in particular, for the heavier elements. The participation of pyridyl-nitrogen in coordination often leads to the formation of dimeric aggregates but also one-dimensional chains and two-dimensional arrays. Capricious behaviour in closely related species that adopted very different architectures is noted. Sometimes different molecules comprising the asymmetric-unit of a crystal behave differently. The foregoing suggests this to be an area in early development and is a fertile avenue for systematic research for probing further crystallization outcomes and for the rational generation of supramolecular architectures.

scholarly journals Frustration across the periodic table: heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen by metal complexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2101) ◽  
pp. 20170002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morris Bullock ◽  
Geoffrey M. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Heterolytic Cleavage ◽  
Lewis Pairs

This perspective examines frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the context of heterolytic cleavage of H 2 by transition metal complexes, with an emphasis on molecular complexes bearing an intramolecular Lewis base. FLPs have traditionally been associated with main group compounds, yet many reactions of transition metal complexes support a broader classification of FLPs that includes certain types of transition metal complexes with reactivity resembling main group-based FLPs. This article surveys transition metal complexes that heterolytically cleave H 2 , which vary in the degree that the Lewis pairs within these systems interact. Many of the examples include complexes bearing a pendant amine functioning as the base with the metal functioning as the hydride acceptor. Consideration of transition metal compounds in the context of FLPs can inspire new innovations and improvements in transition metal catalysis. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry’.

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