Fetal and Postnatal Growth, and the Risks of Metabolic Syndrome in the AGA and SGA Term Infant

2014 ◽  
pp. 82-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Term Infant

Sex-specific effects of placental restriction on components of the metabolic syndrome in young adult sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1879-E1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Owens ◽  
P. Thavaneswaran ◽  
M. J. De Blasio ◽  
I. C. McMillen ◽  
J. S. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Size At Birth

Prenatal and early postnatal life experiences, reflected by size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth, contribute to the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in adulthood, but their relative importance is unclear. Therefore, we determined the effects of restricted placental and fetal growth on components of the metabolic syndrome in young adult sheep and the relationships of the latter to size at birth and early postnatal growth. Fasting plasma metabolites, glucose tolerance (by intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGTT), insulin secretion and sensitivity, and resting blood pressure were measured in 22 control and 20 placentally restricted (PR) 1-yr-old sheep. In male sheep, PR increased the initial rise in glucose during an IVGTT and reduced diastolic blood pressure, and small size at birth independently predicted reduced adult size, glucose tolerance, and fasting plasma insulin and insulin disposition of glucose metabolism but increased insulin disposition of circulating FFAs. Also in males, high fractional growth rates in early postnatal life independently predicted impaired early glucose clearance during an IVGTT. In female animals, PR increased insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism and reduced fasting plasma FFAs, and thinness at birth predicted increased adult size, fasting blood glucose, and pulse pressure. In conclusion, PR and small size at birth are associated with more components of the metabolic syndrome in adult male than in adult female sheep, with few independent effects of early postnatal growth. These sex differences in the onset and extent of adverse metabolic consequences after prenatal restraint in the sheep are consistent with observations in humans.

scholarly journals Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter

2019 ◽  
pp. 201902925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyao Wu ◽  
Jacob Brown ◽  
Misti L. Zamora ◽  
Alyssa Miller ◽  
M. Carey Satterfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fine Particulate

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is associated with high risks of birth defects/fatality and adverse long-term postnatal health. However, limited mechanistic data are available to assess the detailed impacts of prenatal PM exposure. Here we evaluate fine PM exposure during pregnancy on prenatal/postnatal organogenesis in offspring and in predisposing metabolic syndrome for adult life. Between days 0 and 18 of gestation, two groups of adult female rats (n = 10 for each) were placed in a dual-exposure chamber device, one with clean ambient air (∼3 µg·m−3) and the other with ambient air in the presence of 100 to 200 µg·m−3 of ultrafine aerosols of ammonium sulfate. At birth (postnatal day 0, PND0), four males and four females were selected randomly from each litter to be nursed by dams, whereas tissues were collected from the remaining pups. At PND21, tissues were collected from two males and two females, whereas the remaining pups were fed either a high- or low-fat diet until PND105, when tissues were obtained for biochemical and physiological analyses. Maternal exposure to fine PM increased stillbirths; reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in plasma; enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver; and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta. This lead to altered organogenesis and predisposed progeny to long-term metabolic defects in an age-, organ-, and sex-specific manner. Our results highlight the necessity to develop therapeutic strategies to remedy adverse health effects of maternal PM exposure on conceptus/postnatal growth and development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document