- The Immune Response to Infectious Agents

2014 ◽  
pp. 172-185
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Agents

VACCINATION AS PRIMARY CONTACT WITH INFLUENZA A AND B VIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
RAE V. NICHOLAS ◽  
WERNER HENLE
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Primary Contact ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Booster Effect

A single dose of 0.5 ml. of commercially available influenzal virus vaccine injected into children from seven weeks to three years of age produced antibodies in about 70%. Resulting antibody levels in the children, most of whom were born after the last widespread epidemics of influenza A and B, were distinctly lower than those observed in older individuals who, in all likelihood, had experienced previous contacts with influenzal antigens. Two injections at a week's interval failed to result in a better antibody response in these children in agreement with the experience gained in adults. Increase in the dose of vaccine appears unwarranted now, since the incidence of febrile reactions—all of short duration—exceeded 40%. This inferior antibody response may be the result of several factors: (a) the smaller dose of vaccine which can be safely administered to such children; (b) the possible inferior immune response of the younger individual; and (c) the absence of a basic immunity to the antigens present in most older individuals as a result of previous contacts with influenzal viruses. Although it is impossible to decide among these factors, the booster effect of restimulation with small doses of antigen is a well known phenomenon in protective measures against other infectious agents. It is felt that such a mechanism may well be the explanation for the discrepancies between young children and older individuals in their response to vaccination against influenza.

Young and Old Animals Use Different Strategies for Forming an Immune Response to Infectious Agents (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Klimova ◽  
A. I. Bozhkov ◽  
T. I. Kovalenko ◽  
V. V. Minukhin ◽  
I. V. Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Infectious Agents

scholarly journals Acute Transverse Myelitis Associated with Buserelin Use during IVF

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Djavid I. Alleemudder ◽  
Khaled Sadek ◽  
Shaun Fountain ◽  
Sallie Davies
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Similar Role ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis

A healthy woman undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) developed acute transverse myelitis (ATM) following the use of Buserelin. ATM has a multifactorial etiology and may develop as a result of the activation of immune responses. Infectious agents have been postulated as possible triggers of an immune response (Sá, 2009). Gonadotropin-releasing agonists may have a similar role and trigger the acceleration of preexisting disease by the activation of immune responses (Ho et al., 1995, and Umesaki et al., 1999).

scholarly journals Equine endometritis: a review of challenges and new approaches

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. R95-R110
Author(s):  
Lee H A Morris ◽  
P M McCue ◽  
Christine Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Successful Resolution

Endometritis in the mare begins as a normal physiological inflammatory response to breeding that involves both a mechanical and immunological response pathway activated to rid the uterus of semen and bacteria. With successful resolution of this inflammation, the mare‘s uterus will provide a hospitable environment for the development of the semi-allogenic conceptus. If the mare fails to resolve this inflammatory response within 48 h of breeding, she will become susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) which will have detrimental effects on her fertility. This condition can then predispose the mare to bacterial or fungal endometritis leading to further degeneration of the endometrium. Optimisation of the mare’s fertility requires a fine balance between allowing the natural immune response of the endometrium to its exposure to allogenic semen to run its course, and yet preventing its progression to PBIE or the involvement of infectious agents. This review discusses the challenges presented by PBIE, latent infections, biofilms, fungal infections and the need to utilise diagnostic methods available and implement targeted treatments to optimise fertility in the mare.

scholarly journals Editorial: The Skin Immune Response to Infectious Agents

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Conceição-Silva ◽  
Fernanda N. Morgado ◽  
Roberta O. Pinheiro ◽  
Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Agents

scholarly journals Human rheumatoid factors bear the internal image of the Fc binding region of staphylococcal protein A.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Oppliger ◽  
F A Nardella ◽  
G C Stone ◽  
M Mannik
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Rheumatoid Factors ◽  
Binding Region ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Internal Image ◽  
Antigenic Mimicry

The binding specificity of rheumatoid factors (RFs) to human Fc resembles that of some microbial Fc-binding proteins, suggesting conformational similarities in their Fc-binding regions. Using polyclonal chicken antibodies against SPA, we have detected a crossreactive determinant shared by human RFs from different individuals, but not by non-RF IgM and IgG. Chicken anti-SPA was shown to bind to 18 of 19 IgM RFs and 2 of 2 IgG RFs isolated from different individuals. This binding was inhibitable with SPA, fragment D of SPA, human IgG, and Fc fragment of IgG. The binding site for RF was located on the Fab' fragment of chicken anti-SPA. The antigenic mimicry of RFs by a protein of microbial origin suggests that the immune response to infectious agents could induce or modulate RF production through an internal image autoantiidiotype mechanism.

Regulation of Immune Response to Infectious Agents

1987 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
R. Zinkernagel ◽  
Ph. Lagrange
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Agents
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