Las Colinas landslide triggered by the 13 January 2001 earthquake in El Salvador – implications for hazard assessment in El Bálsamo Cordillera

2004 ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arango ◽  
C Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Hazard Assessment

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard assessment in El Salvador, Central America, from seismic sources through flooding numerical models

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 2127-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Álvarez-Gómez ◽  
Í. Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
O. Q. Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez ◽  
J. Larreynaga ◽  
M. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America; its coast has approximately a length of 320 km, 29 municipalities and more than 700 000 inhabitants. In El Salvador there have been 15 recorded tsunamis between 1859 and 2012, 3 of them causing damages and hundreds of victims. The hazard assessment is commonly based on propagation numerical models for earthquake-generated tsunamis and can be approached from both Probabilistic and Deterministic Methods. A deterministic approximation has been applied in this study as it provides essential information for coastal planning and management. The objective of the research was twofold, on the one hand the characterization of the threat over the entire coast of El Salvador, and on the other the computation of flooding maps for the three main localities of the Salvadorian coast. For the latter we developed high resolution flooding models. For the former, due to the extension of the coastal area, we computed maximum elevation maps and from the elevation in the near-shore we computed an estimation of the run-up and the flooded area using empirical relations. We have considered local sources located in the Middle America Trench, characterized seismotectonically, and distant sources in the rest of Pacific basin, using historical and recent earthquakes and tsunamis. We used a hybrid finite differences – finite volumes numerical model in this work, based on the Linear and Non-linear Shallow Water Equations, to simulate a total of 24 earthquake generated tsunami scenarios. In the western Salvadorian coast, run-up values higher than 5 m are common, while in the eastern area, approximately from La Libertad to the Gulf of Fonseca, the run-up values are lower. The more exposed areas to flooding are the lowlands in the Lempa River delta and the Barra de Santiago Western Plains. The results of the empirical approximation used for the whole country are similar to the results obtained with the high resolution numerical modelling, being a good and fast approximation to obtain preliminary tsunami hazard estimations. In Acajutla and La Libertad, both important tourism centres being actively developed, flooding depths between 2 and 4 m are frequent, accompanied with high and very high person instability hazard. Inside the Gulf of Fonseca the impact of the waves is almost negligible.

Hazard assessment of rainfall-induced landslides: a case study of San Vicente volcano in central El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 2291-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Smith ◽  
Thomas Oommen ◽  
Luke J. Bowman ◽  
John S. Gierke ◽  
Stanley J. Vitton
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Hazard Assessment

scholarly journals Volcanic hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis at San Miguel Volcano, El Salvador.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Jimenez ◽  
Laura Becerril ◽  
Stefania Bartolini ◽  
Joan Martí
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
The Past

<p>Despite being one of the most active volcanoes in El Salvador, San Miguel is surrounded by important population nuclei and infrastructures. We used existing historical records of past eruptive activity, available geological knowledge and monitoring data gathered over the past fifteen years to conduct the first comprehensive, long-term hazard assessment of this volcano, aimed at helping to reduce the potential risk it poses. We applied probabilistic methods (QVAST and HASSET) specifically designed for volcanic hazard assessment to conduct two hazard analyses, one with a forecasting time window of two years using information on volcanic activity over the past 430 years (historical period), and another with a forecasting window of six months, with information from the past 16 years (monitoring period). Using the information from this hazard assessment, we simulated: (1) the five most likely scenarios (ashfall scenarios, short-medium extent, and VEI 1-2); (2) other probable scenarios related to lava flows, based on the historical record of the volcano; (3) other possible scenarios related to PDCs with similar characteristics to those that occurred during its geological history; and (4) the most hazardous scenario (ashfall, lava flow, PDC) that has been identified from its geological record. Finally, we construct a qualitative integrated volcanic hazard map through the combination of the simulated scenarios. Finally, we developed an exposure analysis of the San Miguel volcano area by considering population distribution, land use, private houses, official buildings (hospitals, schools, etc.), and communication infrastructure, for the different hazard scenarios. In the particular case of private houses and official buildings, we estimated a Vulnerability Index for the hazardous areas, applying the Physical Vulnerability Methodology based on the characterization of the type of construction materials of walls and roofs.  This approach identifies the elements at risk according to each potential hazard, thus providing the authorities with a comprehensive tool to better understand the problem and to define emergency plans to minimize risk.</p><p>This research has been partially funded by Grants I-COOPA20161 (CSIC) and EU (DG ECHO) Project EVE n. 826292</p>

scholarly journals COMBINING NEURAL NETWORKS AND GEOSTATISTICS FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF SAN SALVADOR METROPOLITAN AREA, EL SALVADOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ríos ◽  
Alexandre Ribó ◽  
Roberto Mejía ◽  
Giovanni Molina
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Landslide Hazard Assessment ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Geostatistical Approach

This contribution describes the creation of a landslide hazard assessment model for San Salvador, a department in El Salvador. The analysis started with an aerial photointerpretation from Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador (MARN Spanish acronym), where 4792 landslides were identified and georeferenced along with 7 conditioning factors including: geomorphology, geology, rainfall intensity, peak ground acceleration, slope angle, distance to road, and distance to geological fault. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were utilized to assess the susceptibility to landslides, achieving results where more than 80% of landslide were properly classified using in-sample and out of sample criteria. Logistic regression was used as base of comparison. Logistic regression obtained a lower performance. To complete the analysis we have performed interpolation of the points using the kriging method from geostatistical approach. Finally, the results show that is possible to derive a landslide hazard map, making use of a combination of ANNs and geostatistical techniques, thus the present study can help landslide mitigation in El Salvador.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard assessment in El Salvador, Central America, from seismic sources through flooding numerical models.

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2927-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Álvarez-Gómez ◽  
Í. Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
O. Q. Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez ◽  
J. Larreynaga ◽  
M. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America; its coast has an approximate length of 320 km, 29 municipalities and more than 700 000 inhabitants. In El Salvador there were 15 recorded tsunamis between 1859 and 2012, 3 of them causing damages and resulting in hundreds of victims. Hazard assessment is commonly based on propagation numerical models for earthquake-generated tsunamis and can be approached through both probabilistic and deterministic methods. A deterministic approximation has been applied in this study as it provides essential information for coastal planning and management. The objective of the research was twofold: on the one hand the characterization of the threat over the entire coast of El Salvador, and on the other the computation of flooding maps for the three main localities of the Salvadorian coast. For the latter we developed high-resolution flooding models. For the former, due to the extension of the coastal area, we computed maximum elevation maps, and from the elevation in the near shore we computed an estimation of the run-up and the flooded area using empirical relations. We have considered local sources located in the Middle America Trench, characterized seismotectonically, and distant sources in the rest of Pacific Basin, using historical and recent earthquakes and tsunamis. We used a hybrid finite differences–finite volumes numerical model in this work, based on the linear and non-linear shallow water equations, to simulate a total of 24 earthquake-generated tsunami scenarios. Our results show that at the western Salvadorian coast, run-up values higher than 5 m are common, while in the eastern area, approximately from La Libertad to the Gulf of Fonseca, the run-up values are lower. The more exposed areas to flooding are the lowlands in the Lempa River delta and the Barra de Santiago Western Plains. The results of the empirical approximation used for the whole country are similar to the results obtained with the high-resolution numerical modelling, being a good and fast approximation to obtain preliminary tsunami hazard estimations. In Acajutla and La Libertad, both important tourism centres being actively developed, flooding depths between 2 and 4 m are frequent, accompanied with high and very high person instability hazard. Inside the Gulf of Fonseca the impact of the waves is almost negligible.

Ideas and Leaders in Contentious Politics: One Parish Priest in El Salvador's Popular Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-101
Author(s):  
PETER M. SANCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
The Church

AbstractThis paper examines the actions of one Salvadorean priest – Padre David Rodríguez – in one parish – Tecoluca – to underscore the importance of religious leadership in the rise of El Salvador's contentious political movement that began in the early 1970s, when the guerrilla organisations were only just beginning to develop. Catholic leaders became engaged in promoting contentious politics, however, only after the Church had experienced an ideological conversion, commonly referred to as liberation theology. A focus on one priest, in one parish, allows for generalisation, since scores of priests, nuns and lay workers in El Salvador followed the same injustice frame and tactics that generated extensive political mobilisation throughout the country. While structural conditions, collective action and resource mobilisation are undoubtedly necessary, the case of religious leaders in El Salvador suggests that ideas and leadership are of vital importance for the rise of contentious politics at a particular historical moment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document