Human Coronavirus Respiratory Infections

2014 ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
Thomas Edward Cecere ◽  
Stephanie Michelle Todd ◽  
Owen Benjamin Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Coronavirus

scholarly journals Fatal Pneumonia Associated With a Novel Genotype of Human Coronavirus OC43

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Kar Pui Lau ◽  
Kenneth Sze Ming Li ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ka-Yan Tsang ◽  
Siddharth Sridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Endotracheal Aspirate ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Pairwise Genetic Distance ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Genotype

Since its first discovery in 1967, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) has been associated with mild self-limiting upper respiratory infections worldwide. Fatal primary pneumonia due to HCoV-OC43 is not frequently described. This study describes a case of fatal primary pneumonia associated with HCoV-OC43 in a 75-year-old patient with good past health. The viral loads of the respiratory tract specimens (bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal aspirate) from diagnosis to death were persistently high (3.49 × 106–1.10 × 1010 copies/ml). HCoV-OC43 at a 6.46 × 103 copies/ml level was also detected from his pleural fluid 2 days before his death. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the present HCoV-OC43 forms a distinct cluster with three other HCoV-OC43 from United States, with a bootstrap value of 100% and sharing 99.9% nucleotide identities. Pairwise genetic distance between this cluster and other HCoV-OC43 genotypes ranged from 0.27 ± 0.02% to 1.25 ± 0.01%. In contrast, the lowest pairwise genetic distance between existing HCoV-OC43 genotypes was 0.26 ± 0.02%, suggesting that this cluster constitutes a novel HCoV-OC43 genotype, which we named genotype I. Unlike genotypes D, E, F, G, and H, no recombination event was observed for this novel genotype. Structural modeling revealed that the loop with the S1/S2 cleavage site was four amino acids longer than other HCoV-OC43, making it more exposed and accessible to protease, which may have resulted in its possible hypervirulence.

scholarly journals Analysis of human coronavirus 229E spike and nucleoprotein genes demonstrates genetic drift between chronologically distinct strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Chibo ◽  
Chris Birch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Human Coronavirus 229E ◽  
S Genes

Historically, coronaviruses have been recognized as a cause of minor respiratory infections in humans. However, the recent identification of three novel human coronaviruses, one causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has prompted further examination of these viruses. Previous studies of geographically and chronologically distinct Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) isolates have found only limited variation within S gene nucleotide sequences. In contrast, analysis of the S genes of contemporary Human coronavirus OC43 variants identified in Belgium revealed two distinct viruses circulating during 2003 and 2004. Here, the S and N gene sequences of 25 HCoV-229E variants identified in Victoria, Australia, between 1979 and 2004 in patients with symptomatic infections were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering of the isolates into four groups, with evidence of increasing divergence with time. Evidence of positive selection in the S gene was also established.

scholarly journals Detection of Human Coronavirus NL63 and OC43 in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Niigata, Japan, between 2010 and 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyako Kon ◽  
Kaori Watanabe ◽  
Takashi Tazawa ◽  
Kanako Watanabe ◽  
Tsutomu Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Coronavirus

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Features of New Polyethiologic Viral Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
V. V. Shkarin ◽  
O. V. Kovalyshen ◽  
R. F. Chanysheva ◽  
A. V. Sergeeva ◽  
A. A. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Type B ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Features

The review article summarizes and systematizes scientific data on the pathogens of new respiratory infections discovered in the early XXI century – Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), Human bocavirus (HBoV), Human coronavirus (HCoV). Groups of microorganisms with which they act as associates are identified: other viruses (HMPV – HRSV, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, HCoV; НBoV– Rhinovirus, HRSV, Rotavirus, Norovirus; HCoV – Influenza virus, Adenovirus and HRSV), and also some bacteria (HMPV – S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b; НBoV – S. enteritidis, C. jejune; HCoV – M. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae). The clinical and epidemiological features of combined forms of infections are analyzed: predominance of moderate course, with risk of complications, risk groups (young children), seasonality (autumn-winter). The complexity of verification of these infections from other viral infections based on the clinical picture is established.

scholarly journals First Detection of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Greece, in an Immunocompromised Patient With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Petsinis ◽  
Konstantinos Mantzouranis ◽  
Christos Damaskos ◽  
Despoina Melemeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a RNA virus which gets in the human cells by binding to the receptor of  N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-HKU1, are globally found. HCoV-HKU1 is responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, usually with mild symptoms. In severe cases, HCoV-HKU1 can cause life-threatening respiratory illness especially in vulnerable hosts such as elderly, children and immunocompromised patients. In Greece, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza are the most common viruses causing respiratory tract infections. Traditionally, HCoVs are responsible for less than 3% of respiratory infections in Greek population. HCoVs 229E and OC43 have been shown to circulate in Greece. We report the first case of lung infection in an immunocompromised woman due to HCoV-HKU1, that has never been before detected in Greece. HCoV-HKU1 is related to severe disease even in healthy individuals and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human coronaviruses among patients visiting Hospital-Based Sentinel Sites in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Mulabbi ◽  
Robert Tweyongyere ◽  
Fred Wabwire ◽  
Edison Mworozi ◽  
Jeff Koehlerb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Abstract Background: Human coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory infections with several subtypes being prevalent worldwide. They cause respiratory illnesses of varying severity and have been described to be continuously emerging but their prevalence is not well documented in Uganda. This study assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against the previously known human coronaviruses prior 2019 in Uganda.Methods: A total 377 serum samples collected from volunteers that showed influenza like illness in five hospital-based sentinel sites and archived were analyzed using a commercial Qualitative Human Coronavirus Antibody IgG ELISA kit. Although there is no single kit available that can detect the presence of all the circulating coronaviruses, this kit uses a nucleoprotein, aa 340-390 to coat the wells and since there is significant homology among the various human coronavirus strains with regards to the coded for proteins, there is significant cross reactivity beyond HCoV HKU-39849 2003. This gives the kit a qualitative ability to detect the presence of human coronavirus antibodies in a sample. Results: The overall seroprevalence for all the sites was 87.53% with no significant difference in the seroprevalence between the Hospital based sentinel sites (p=0.8). Of the seropositive, the age group 1-5 years had the highest percentage (46.97), followed by 6-10 years (16.67) and then above 20 (16.36). The volunteers were divided into two broad categories, those below five years and those above five years, to calculate the odds ratio. The odds ratio of those seropositive with an age above 5 years with reference to those below 5 years was 0.62. This shows that those below 5 are more likely to be seropositive compared to those above 5 years. The seropositivity was generally high throughout the year with highest being recorded in March and the lowest in February and December. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of Human coronaviruses is alarmingly high which calls for need to identify and characterize the circulating coronavirus strains so as to guide policy on the control strategies.

scholarly journals Inter- and intra-variant genetic heterogeneity of human coronavirus OC43 strains in France

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349-3353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Vabret ◽  
Julia Dina ◽  
Thomas Mourez ◽  
Stéphanie Gouarin ◽  
Joëlle Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) causes acute, self-limited respiratory infections. A close relationship between bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) and HCoV-OC43 has recently been demonstrated. This study includes seven clinical, non-cell culture-adapted, contemporary HCoV-OC43 strains detected in France in 2003. By using RT-PCR and clonal sequencing of the S1 gene of HCoV-OC43, the inter-variant heterogeneity of the HCoV-OC43 circulating strains was studied and the intra-variant diversity was assessed by investigation of a quasispecies cloud. This paper brings to the forefront a high genetic diversity of circulating HCoV-OC43 variants. Genetically different groups are defined among the variants described in this study. One of these variants holds characteristics of an outlier and presents a deletion of 12 nt, also found in BCoV strains. Moreover, the presence of HCoV-OC43 as a quasispecies cloud in vivo during an acute respiratory-tract illness was discovered. It has also been revealed that quasispecies-cloud sizes are similar for the two viral populations tested.

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