Fluid and electrolyte disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 431-466
Author(s):  
Ploutarchos Tzoulis ◽  
Pierre-Marc G. Bouloux
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Disorders

scholarly journals Dual threat of comorbidity of celiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110122
Author(s):  
Yimin Ma ◽  
Duanming Zhuang ◽  
Zhenguo Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Immune Mediated

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal disease that is characterized by production of autoantibodies directed against the small intestine. The main clinical manifestations of CD are typically defined as those related to indigestion and malabsorption. These manifestations include unexplained diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, anemia, failure-to-thrive in children, and decreased bone density. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, which may also involve the gastrointestinal tract. Comorbidity of CD and SLE is rare, and the overlapping symptoms and nonspecific clinical presentation may pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. We report here a case of SLE with CD, which mainly manifested as recurrent diarrhea, uncorrectable electrolyte disorders, and severe malnutrition. Through review, we hope to further improve our understanding and diagnostic level of this combination of diseases.

scholarly journals Renal Complications Related to Checkpoint Inhibitors: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Julie Belliere ◽  
Julien Mazieres ◽  
Nicolas Meyer ◽  
Leila Chebane ◽  
Fabien Despas
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Renal Complications ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Low Incidence

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have unprecedentedly improved global prognosis in several types of cancers. However, they are associated with the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. Despite their low incidence, renal complications can interfere with the oncologic strategy. The breaking of peripheral tolerance and the emergence of auto- or drug-reactive T-cells are the main pathophysiological hypotheses to explain renal complications after ICI exposure. ICIs can induce a large spectrum of renal symptoms with variable severity (from isolated electrolyte disorders to dialysis-dependent acute kidney injury (AKI)) and presentation (acute tubule-interstitial nephritis in >90% of cases and a minority of glomerular diseases). In this review, the current trends in diagnosis and treatment strategies are summarized. The diagnosis of ICI-related renal complications requires special steps to avoid confounding factors, identify known risk factors (lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor use, and combination ICI therapy), and prove ICI causality, even after long-term exposure (weeks to months). A kidney biopsy should be performed as soon as possible. The treatment strategies rely on ICI discontinuation as well as co-medications, corticosteroids for 2 months, and tailored immunosuppressive drugs when renal response is not achieved.

Electrolytes and acid–base: common fluid and electrolyte disorders

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Francesco Trepiccione ◽  
Giovambattista Capasso ◽  
Robert Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders

Electrolyte Disorders

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
WILLIAM W. PFAFF
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Disorders

Mental disorders that occur against the background of water-electrolyte disorders in patients with neoplasms of chiasmal-sellar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
K. V. Koval ◽  
G. E. Chmutin ◽  
P. L. Kalinin ◽  
M. A. Kutin ◽  
V. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Sellar Region ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shed Light

The work is devoted to assessing the results of the analysis of world literature for a period of more than 50 years: it reflects the data on the nature of the occurrence of mental disorders developing in patients with tumors of the chiasmal-sellar region against the background of water-electrolyte disorders both before and after surgery. The presented data shed light on the occurrence of the variants of mental disorders in such a specific category of neurosurgical patients, which may allow the clinician to timely determine the appropriate treatment tactics and reduce the severity of complications in the postoperative period.

Viral Encephalitis In Adults: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siciliano Valentina ◽  
Rosà Tommaso ◽  
Del Vecchio Pierluigi ◽  
D'Angelillo Anna ◽  
Brigida Mattia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

: Viral infections of the central nervous system cause frequent hospitalization. The pathogenesis of viral encephalitis involves both the direct action of invading pathogens and the damage generated by the inflammatory reaction they trigger. The type of signs and symptoms presented by the patient depends on the severity and location of the ongoing inflammatory process. Most of the viral encephalitides are characterized by an acute development, fever, variable alterations in consciousness (confusion, lethargy, even coma), seizures (focal and generalized) and focal neurologic signs. The specific diagnosis of encephalitis is usually based on lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid examination should be performed in all patients unless absolutely contraindicated. Also, electroencephalogram and neuroimaging play a prominent role in diagnosis. Airway protection, ventilatory support, the management of raised intracranial pressure and correction of electrolyte disorders must be immediately considered in a patient with altered mental status. The only therapy strictly recommended is acyclovir in HSV encephalitis. The use of adjunctive glucocorticoids has poor-quality evidence in HSV, EBV, or VZV encephalitis. The role of antiviral therapy in other types of viral encephalitis is not well defined.

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