Advances in Improving Adaptation of Common Bean and Brachiaria Forage Grasses to Abiotic Stresses in the Tropics

2014 ◽  
pp. 877-920 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
The Tropics

Commonality of root nodulation signals and nitrogen assimilation in tropical grain legumes belonging to the tribe Phaseoleae.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix D. Dakora
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Macrotyloma Geocarpum ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Tropics

The tribe Phaseoleae (family Leguminosae) is home to many of the annual food legumes cultivated in the tropics. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), Kersting’s bean (Macrotyloma geocarpum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), all belonging to subtribe Phaseolinae, and together with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., subtribe Glycininae) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L., subtribe Cajaninae), are important members of the tribe Phaseoleae. These legumes are unique in their use of identical root chemical molecules to induce the expression of nodulation genes in their respective homologous microsymbionts during nodule formation. Of those studied so far, common bean, soybean, Bambara groundnut, Kersting’s bean and cowpea all use the isoflavones daidzein, genistein and coumestrol as root exudate signals to induce the expression of nod genes in their rhizobial partners. Additionally, members of the Phaseoleae tribe are easily recognised on the basis of their tropical biogeographic origin, broad host nodulation habit, route of Rhizobium entry into roots, chemotaxonomy and use of a common isoflavone biosynthetic pathway, determinate nodulation phenotype and internal nodule anatomy, xylem composition and transportable solutes of fixed N, site of NO3– reduction and metabolic response of N2-fed plants to NO3– supply. These shared traits and their potential application for agriculture are discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Heterosis for the root distribution trait in common bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e46712
Author(s):  
Sibila Grigolo ◽  
Rita Carolina de Melo ◽  
Ana Carolina da Costa Lara Fioreze ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Mean

Heterosis has been one of the most studied phenomena since genetic studies were conceived. Knowledge of this phenomenon for the root distribution trait in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can favour the development of genotypes that are more tolerant to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of heterosis for the root distribution trait in hybrid F1 populations of common bean derived from crosses within and between gene groups. Thirty-six populations (six parents and 30 hybrids) were evaluated under field conditions in the agricultural years 2016/17 and 2017/18. The root distribution was assessed with the adapted Bohm method. The genotypes responded similarly to environmental changes (absence of an interaction). However, the root distribution differed significantly between the agricultural years. Comparisons between the mean of hybrids from crosses within each gene pool and the mean of parents did not reveal heterosis. The comparisons between gene groups showed significant differences only between BRS Embaixador x IPR Uirapuru, CBS 14 x IPR Uirapuru, and BAF 53 x IPR Uirapuru and the mean of parents. The absence of heterosis in the root trait can be explained by the degree of kinship between the gene groups, as well as some epistatic interactions.

scholarly journals DREB Genes from Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Show Broad to Specific Abiotic Stress Responses and Distinct Levels of Nucleotide Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enéas Ricardo Konzen ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Recchia ◽  
Fernanda Cassieri ◽  
Danielle Gregorio Gomes Caldas ◽  
Jorge C. Berny Mier y Teran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Amino Acid Diversity

We analyzed the nucleotide variability and the expression profile of DREB genes from common bean, a crop of high economic and nutritional value throughout the world but constantly affected by abiotic stresses in cultivation areas. As DREB genes have been constantly associated with abiotic stress tolerance, we systematically categorized 54 putative PvDREB genes distributed in the common bean genome. It involved from AP2 domain location and amino acid conservation analysis (valine at the 14th position) to the identification of conserved motifs within peptide sequences representing six subgroups (A-1 to A-6) of PvDREB proteins. Four genes (PvDREB1F, PvDREB2A, PvDREB5A, and PvDREB6B) were cloned and analyzed for their expression profiles under abiotic stresses and their nucleotide and amino acid diversity in genotypes of Andean and Mesoamerican origin, showing distinct patterns of expression and nucleotide variability. PvDREB1F and PvDREB5A showed high relative inducibilities when genotypes of common bean were submitted to stresses by drought, salt, cold, and ABA. PvDREB2A inducibility was predominantly localized to the stem under drought. PvDREB6B was previously described as an A-2 (DREB2) gene, but a detailed phylogenetic analysis and its expression profile clearly indicated it belongs to group A-6. PvDREB6B was found as a cold- and dehydration-responsive gene, mainly in leaves. Interestingly, PvDREB6B also showed a high nucleotide and amino acid diversity within its coding region, in comparison to the others, implicating in several nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions between Andean and Mesoamerican genotypes. The expression patterns and nucleotide diversity of each DREB found in this study revealed fundamental characteristics for further research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with drought, salt, and cold tolerance in common bean, which could be performed based on association mapping and functional analyses.

Physiological characterization of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under abiotic stresses for breeding purposes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 31149-31164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cristina Lanna ◽  
Renato Adolfo Silva ◽  
Tatiana Maris Ferraresi ◽  
João Antônio Mendonça ◽  
Gesimária Ribeiro Costa Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Physiological Characterization

Ecological distribution of Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dobereiner ◽  
I. E. Marriel ◽  
M. Nery
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Hill Soils ◽  
Janeiro State

A survey in various countries revealed that the N2-fixing Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck is a very common root and soil inhabitant in the tropics. More than half of the grass root and soil samples collected in tropical countries (four African countries and Brazil) contained abundant S. lipoferum populations, while less than 10% of the samples collected in temperate South Brazil, Kenya, and the U.S.A. contained the organism. There is a pronounced vegetation effect. Panicum maximum seems the most favorable among the forage grasses, while few positive samples were found under virgin tropical forest. Legume roots contained less S. lipoferum than adjacent soils. More than 80% of the samples from cereal roots (maize, sorghum, wheat, and rye) grown in fields fertilized with PK and Mo, in Rio de Janeiro State, were positive. Maize and sorghum grown under similar conditions in Wisconsin contained less than 10% of positive samples, but when maize fields were inoculated 90% of the root samples contained S. lipoferum. Alluvial soils were more favorable than eroded hill soils. Occurrence in soil was strongly pH-dependent with a pH around 7, being optimal (correlation coefficient r = 0.90). Sporadic occurrence was observed even in soils with pH 4.8. Surface-sterilized P. maximum roots collected from soils with pH ranging from 4.8 to 7.2 contained high S. lipoferum numbers which did not correlate with soil pH (r = 0.41). Amendment with malate of acid soils was not very effective in increasing nitrogenase (N2-ase) activity, but in two soils with pH above 6.4, high N2-ase activity was obtained after 16 to 48 h of incubation. In two soils from a temperate climate region, inoculation with S. lipoferum increased N2-ase activity produced through malate amendment.

scholarly journals Identification of Discriminant Factors after Exposure of Maize and Common Bean Plantlets to Abiotic Stresses

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázaro HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
Octavio LOYOLA-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
Bárbara VALLE ◽  
Julia MARTÍNEZ ◽  
Leyanes DÍAZ-LÓPEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stresses
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