Modelling of chloride transport in non-saturated concrete

2014 ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fenaux ◽  
J Gálvez ◽  
E Reyes ◽  
A Moragues ◽  
J Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Saturated Concrete

scholarly journals Chloride transport on partially saturated Concrete media: the influence of the hydric state

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Hayet Chalabi ◽  
Abdelillah Bezzar ◽  
Abdelhafid Khelidj
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Partially Saturated ◽  
Saturated Concrete

scholarly journals Trospium Chloride Transport by Mouse Drug Carriers of the Slc22 and Slc47 Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Matthias Gorecki ◽  
Simon F. Müller ◽  
Regina Leidolf ◽  
Joachim Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Organic Cation Transporters ◽  
Trospium Chloride ◽  
Individual Role ◽  
Positively Charged

Background: The muscarinic receptor antagonist trospium chloride (TCl) is used for pharmacotherapy of the overactive bladder syndrome. TCl is a hydrophilic positively charged drug. Therefore, it has low permeability through biomembranes and requires drug transporters for distribution and excretion. In humans, the organic cation transporters OCT1 and OCT2 and the multidrug and toxin extrusion MATE1 and MATE2-K carriers showed TCl transport. However, their individual role for distribution and excretion of TCl is unclear. Knockout mouse models lacking mOct1/mOct2 or mMate1 might help to clarify their role for the overall pharmacokinetics of TCl. Method: In preparation of such experiments, TCl transport was analyzed in HEK293 cells stably transfected with the mouse carriers mOct1, mOct2, mMate1, and mMate2, respectively. Results: Mouse mOct1, mOct2, and mMate1 showed significant TCl transport with Km values of 58.7, 78.5, and 29.3 µM, respectively. In contrast, mMate2 did not transport TCl but showed MPP+ transport with Km of 60.0 µM that was inhibited by the drugs topotecan, acyclovir, and levofloxacin. Conclusion: TCl transport behavior as well as expression pattern were quite similar for the mouse carriers mOct1, mOct2, and mMate1 compared to their human counterparts.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Non-Uniformly Distributed Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Cross-Section

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3975
Author(s):  
Magdalena German ◽  
Jerzy Pamin
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Chloride Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Chloride Corrosion ◽  
Cover Thickness

Reinforced concrete structures can be strongly damaged by chloride corrosion of reinforcement. Rust accumulated around rebars involves a volumetric expansion, causing cracking of the surrounding concrete. To simulate the corrosion progress, the initiation phase of the corrosion process is first examined, taking into account the phenomena of oxygen and chloride transport as well as the corrosion current flow. This makes it possible to estimate the mass of produced rust, whereby a corrosion level is defined. A combination of three numerical methods is used to solve the coupled problem. The example object of the research is a beam cross-section with four reinforcement bars. The proposed methodology allows one to predict evolving chloride concentration and time to reinforcement depassivation, depending on the reinforcement position and on the location of a point on the bar surface. Moreover, the dependence of the corrosion initiation time on the chloride diffusion coefficient, chloride threshold, and reinforcement cover thickness is examined.

scholarly journals The Rapid Chloride Migration Test in Assessing the Chloride Penetration Resistance of Normal and Lightweight Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7251
Author(s):  
Jorge Pontes ◽  
José Alexandre Bogas ◽  
Sofia Real ◽  
André Silva
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Chloride Penetration ◽  
Migration Test ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Chloride Migration ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Chloride Penetration Resistance ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

Chloride-induced corrosion has been one of the main causes of reinforced concrete deterioration. One of the most used methods in assessing the chloride penetration resistance of concrete is the rapid chloride migration test (RCMT). This is an expeditious and simple method but may not be representative of the chloride transport behaviour of concrete in real environment. Other methods, like immersion (IT) and wetting–drying tests (WDT), allow for a more accurate approach to reality, but are laborious and very time-consuming. This paper aims to analyse the capacity of RCMT in assessing the chloride penetration resistance of common concrete produced with different types of aggregate (normal and lightweight) and paste composition (variable type of binder and water/binder ratio). To this end, the RCMT results were compared with those obtained from the same concretes under long-term IT and WDT. A reasonable correlation between the RCMT and diffusion tests was found, when slow-reactive supplementary materials or porous lightweight aggregates surrounded by weak pastes were not considered. A poorer correlation was found when concrete was exposed under wetting–drying conditions. Nevertheless, the RCMT was able to sort concretes in different classes of chloride penetration resistance under distinct exposure conditions, regardless of the type of aggregate and water/binder ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of potassium depletion on renal tubular chloride transport in the rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Luke ◽  
Fred S. Wright ◽  
Nicole Fowler ◽  
Michael Kashgarian ◽  
Gerhard H. Giebisch
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Renal Tubular
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