Blue water transfer versus virtual water transfer in China – with a focus on the South-North Water Transfer Project

2014 ◽  
pp. 271-286
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
The South ◽  
North Water

scholarly journals Virtual versus real water transfers within China

2005 ◽  
Vol 361 (1469) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Arjen Y Hoekstra ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Ashok K Chapagain ◽  
Dangxian Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
North China ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
Virtual Water Flow ◽  
North Water

North China faces severe water scarcity—more than 40% of the annual renewable water resources are abstracted for human use. Nevertheless, nearly 10% of the water used in agriculture is employed in producing food exported to south China. To compensate for this ‘virtual water flow’ and to reduce water scarcity in the north, the huge south–north Water Transfer Project is currently being implemented. This paradox—the transfer of huge volumes of water from the water-rich south to the water-poor north versus transfer of substantial volumes of food from the food-sufficient north to the food-deficit south—is receiving increased attention, but the research in this field has not yet reached further than rough estimation and qualitative description. The aim of this paper is to review and quantify the volumes of virtual water flows between the regions in China and to put them in the context of water availability per region. The analysis shows that north China annually exports about 52 billion m 3 of water in virtual form to south China, which is more than the maximum proposed water transfer volume along the three routes of the Water Transfer Project from south to north.

scholarly journals The Influence on Contaminant Bioavailability and Microbial Abundance of Lake Hongze by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3068
Author(s):  
Yu Yao ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
The South ◽  
North Water

The world famous South-to-North Water Transfer Project was built to alleviate serious water shortages in northern China. Considering that lake Hongze is an important freshwater lake in this region, analyzing the influence of water diversion on typical contaminant bioavailability and microbial abundance could aid in achieving a good overall understanding of hydrodynamic variation. Accordingly, in situ high-resolution measurements of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and next-generation high-throughput sequencing were combined in order to survey Lake Hongze and determine the relationship between environmental factors and microbial communities. The DGT method effectively obtained more than the 85% of bioavailable concentrations of the corresponding contaminants; the results showed that labile P, S, Fe, As, and Hg concentrations were higher in areas influenced by water transfer. Moreover, the relative abundance and alpha diversity of the sampling sites distributed in the water transfer area differed significantly from other sites. The pH, conductivity, and labile Mn, As, and P were shown to be the primary environmental factors affecting the abundance and diversity of microbes. With the exception of bioturbation-affected sites controlled by labile Mn and pH, sites distributed in the water diversion area were most affected by As and conductivity, with little spatial discrepancy. Furthermore, site 2, with higher bioturbation abundance, and site 10, with stronger hydrodynamics, had low alpha diversity compared to the other sites. Consequently, the bioavailability of typical contaminants such as P, S, As, Hg, Fe, Mg, Cd, Pb, and Mn, as well as the diversity and abundance of microbial in the sites influenced by the water diversion, were significantly different to the other sites. Thus, the impacts of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on participant lakes were non-negligible overall in the investigation.

Study on Jiping Canal Water Line of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1248-1251
Author(s):  
Xiao Cheng Su ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Xiao Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Transfer ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
The South ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Water Diversion Project ◽  
North Water ◽  
Working Out

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a cross century water diversion project. So it is very important to ensure its normal operation. The hydraulic calculation of Jiping Canal of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is carried out in this paper, working out cross section, the profile and the X-Y-Z perspective plot of Jiping Canal respectively. An analysis of the canal stability enables us to get the condition in which the canal is stable, which will provide strong technical support for the design and construction of the canal. Therefore, the analysis has important practical significance. The study will be effective guidance on the normal operation of Jiping Canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

Analysis on the Ecological Compensation in China's Water Source Protection Zones: A Case Study of the Middle Route Water Source Area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3005-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
The South ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
North Water ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

Having become the tool to resolve the watershed environmental protection and local development contradictions, ecological compensation has been drawing increasing attention. Conflicts in environmental protection and regional development of the middle route water source area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project urgently need to be resolved by the ecological compensation. However, the ecological compensation remains unsound yet. The author of this paper introduces the existing ecological compensation policy of the middle route water source area, analyzes main problems existing in ecological compensation policies in the middle route water source area, e.g. lack of legislative support for ecological compensation, insufficient researches on compensation standards, limited channel of funds and unsound evaluation mechanism and ultimately puts forward some suggestions on the improvement of ecological compensation policies of the water source area.

scholarly journals The practice of water operation and groundwater protection in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Yuan-yuan Gao ◽  
Liu-qing Yan ◽  
Jian-wen Yao ◽  
Gui-fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
North China ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
The South ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
North Water ◽  
Water Amount

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project plays an important role in guaranteeing the sustainable development of economy and society in North China. The first phase of the middle route of the South-to- North Water Transfer Project (m-SNWTP) has been running safely in the past three years, and the dispatched water amount is increasing. This paper mainly describes the water operation of the m-SNWTP and the groundwater protection in the water-receiving areas. Up to the end of June 2018, more than 1.4×1010m3water had been supplied to the m-SNWTP benefited regions, including 8.65×108m3environmental water. In addition, the m-SNWTP provides water source guarantee for the environment restoration. Over 1.326 ×109m3overexploited groundwater has been reduced in the urban areas of the water-receiving areas, and the continuous decline of groundwater level has been effectively curbed.

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