Introduction to Chemical Signaling in Vertebrates and Invertebrates

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signaling

Reversible Vesicle Restraint in Response to Spatiotemporally Controlled Electrical Signals:  A Bridge between Electrical and Chemical Signaling Modes†

Langmuir ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhu ◽  
Li-Qun Wu ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
Douglas S. English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Electrical Signals

scholarly journals Chemical signaling in the gastrointestinal tract

10.3410/b3-4 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caetano M. Antunes ◽  
Julian E. Davies ◽  
B. Brett Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Chemical Signaling

scholarly journals Reactive/Non-cooperative individuals advance Population's Synchronization: Modeling of Dictyostelium discoideum Concerted Signaling during Aggregation Phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Eidi ◽  
Najme Khorasani ◽  
Mehdi Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chemical Waves ◽  
The Waves

Orchestrated chemical signaling of single cells sounds to be a linchpin of emerging organization and multicellular life form. The social amoeba Dictiostelium discoiudium is a well-studied model organism to explore overall pictures of grouped behavior in developmental biology. The chemical waves secreted by aggregating Dictiostelium is a superb example of pattern formation. The waves are either circular or spiral in shape, according to the incremental population density of a self-aggregating community of individuals. Here, we revisit the spatiotemporal patterns that appear in an excitable medium due to synchronization of randomly firing individuals, but with a more parsimonies attitude. According to our model, a fraction of these individuals is refusal to amplify external stimulants. Our simulations indicate that the cells enhance the system's asymmetry and as a result, nucleate early sustainable spiral territory zones, provided that their relative population does not exceed a tolerable threshold.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Activation of Shh Signaling Attenuates TBI-Induced Seizures in Zebrafish by Modulating Glutamate Excitotoxicity through Eaat2a

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
James Hentig ◽  
Leah J. Campbell ◽  
Kaylee Cloghessy ◽  
Mijoon Lee ◽  
William Boggess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Shh Signaling ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Weight Drop ◽  
Post Traumatic

Approximately 2 million individuals experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. Secondary injury begins within minutes after TBI, with alterations in cellular function and chemical signaling that contribute to excitotoxicity. Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are experienced in an increasing number of TBI individuals that also display resistance to traditional anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a signaling pathway that is upregulated following central nervous system damage in zebrafish and aids injury-induced regeneration. Using a modified Marmarou weight drop on adult zebrafish, we examined PTS following TBI and Shh modulation. We found that inhibiting Shh signaling by cyclopamine significantly increased PTS in TBI fish, prolonged the timeframe PTS was observed, and decreased survival across all TBI severities. Shh-inhibited TBI fish failed to respond to traditional ASMs, but were attenuated when treated with CNQX, which blocks ionotropic glutamate receptors. We found that the Smoothened agonist, purmorphamine, increased Eaat2a expression in undamaged brains compared to untreated controls, and purmorphamine treatment reduced glutamate excitotoxicity following TBI. Similarly, purmorphamine reduced PTS, edema, and cognitive deficits in TBI fish, while these pathologies were increased and/or prolonged in cyclopamine-treated TBI fish. However, the increased severity of TBI phenotypes with cyclopamine was reduced by cotreating fish with ceftriaxone, which induces Eaat2a expression. Collectively, these data suggest that Shh signaling induces Eaat2a expression and plays a role in regulating TBI-induced glutamate excitotoxicity and TBI sequelae.

Biosensors for Quorum Chemical Signaling Molecules: Implications of Bacterial Communication in Gastrointestinal Disorders

2008 ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Kumari ◽  
Patrizia Pasini ◽  
Sapna K. Deo ◽  
Deborah Flomenhoft ◽  
Harohalli Shashidhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Bacterial Communication

Effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on root growth and chemical signaling molecules in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutao Zhang ◽  
Guangrong Huang ◽  
Lihong Wang ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Xiaohua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

scholarly journals Quorum Sensing Controls Biofilm Formation in Vibrio cholerae through Modulation of Cyclic Di-GMP Levels and Repression of vpsT

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (7) ◽  
pp. 2527-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Waters ◽  
Wenyun Lu ◽  
Joshua D. Rabinowitz ◽  
Bonnie L. Bassler
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Cell Density ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Low Cell Density

ABSTRACT Two chemical signaling systems, quorum sensing (QS) and 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), reciprocally control biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. QS is the process by which bacteria communicate via the secretion and detection of autoinducers, and in V. cholerae, QS represses biofilm formation. c-di-GMP is an intracellular second messenger that contains information regarding local environmental conditions, and in V. cholerae, c-di-GMP activates biofilm formation. Here we show that HapR, a major regulator of QS, represses biofilm formation in V. cholerae through two distinct mechanisms. HapR controls the transcription of 14 genes encoding a group of proteins that synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP. The net effect of this transcriptional program is a reduction in cellular c-di-GMP levels at high cell density and, consequently, a decrease in biofilm formation. Increasing the c-di-GMP concentration at high cell density to the level present in the low-cell-density QS state restores biofilm formation, showing that c-di-GMP is epistatic to QS in the control of biofilm formation in V. cholerae. In addition, HapR binds to and directly represses the expression of the biofilm transcriptional activator, vpsT. Together, our results suggest that V. cholerae integrates information about the vicinal bacterial community contained in extracellular QS autoinducers with the intracellular environmental information encoded in c-di-GMP to control biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Chemical signaling under abiotic stress environment in plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Tuteja ◽  
Sudhir K. Sopory
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Chemical Signaling ◽  
Stress Environment
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