Assessment of potential soil loss rate by wind and water erosion in Jodhpur region of western Rajasthan, India

GlobalSoilMap ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Santra Priyabrata ◽  
R Goyal ◽  
J Tewari ◽  
M Roy ◽  
J Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion ◽  
Potential Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

scholarly journals Agricultural Expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado: Increased Soil and Nutrient Losses and Decreased Agricultural Productivity

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Gomes ◽  
Silvio Simões ◽  
Eloi Dalla Nora ◽  
Eráclito de Sousa-Neto ◽  
Maria Forti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

While food and nutrition security are issues that national and international organizations are tackling, one of the central problems often overlooked is the essential role of soils in providing nutritious food. Soils are the base for food production and food security. However, the majority of soils are in fair and poor conditions, with the most significant threats being erosion and loss of nutrients. In this study, we estimate the potential of soil loss, agricultural productivity loss, and nutrient loss for Brazil’s most important agricultural region, the Brazilian Cerrado, for the years 2000 and 2012. For this, we applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) to estimate annual soil loss rate and agricultural productivity loss, and used total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil to estimate the annual nutrient loss rate caused by soil loss. All model factors and data were obtained from the literature. The results show that agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado is increasing the area of severe erosion, occasioning agricultural productivity decrease and soil nutrient depletion. The annual soil loss rate increased from 10.4 (2000) to 12.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (2012). Agricultural productivity loss occurred in more than 3 million hectares of crops and silviculture in 2000 and in more than 5.5 million hectares in 2012. Severely eroded areas lost between 13.1 and 25.9 times more nutrients than areas with low and moderate soil loss rates. These findings show that government policy should be directed to ensure the sustainable use of soils, mainly in agriculturally consolidated regions of the Brazilian Cerrado.

Application of Erosion 2D Model for Erosion Studies in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Isikwue ◽  
T.G. Amile
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
The City ◽  
Land Grading ◽  
2D Model ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

The equations of Erosion 2D Model (a physically based model) were transformed into a computer programme called EROSOFT and used to predict the rate of soil loss in Makurdi metropolis. The model has detachment, transport and deposition components. Four sites were chosen within the metropolis for this study. Soil samples were collected from the sites for laboratory analysis. Rainfall and runoff fluids were collected from the sites to determine their densities. Levelling instrument was used to detremine the channels slopes. The model predicted an average annual soil loss rate of 310kg m-2s-1 for the metropolis. The sensitivity analysis of the model indicates that straight slopes are more prone to soil erosion. The result of the model deviates slightly from established facts that, sandy soils are more erodible and hence prone to be easily detached. Nevertheless, the model shows that soil erosion is influenced by slope geometry and rainfall intensity. The study attributes the major causes of soil erosion in the city to urban runoff concentration and removal of vegetation, and therefore suggests the use of land grading, land forming and cover cropping as well as conservation structures like road side drains for the control of erosion in the metropolis.

scholarly journals A study on soil loss rate assessment of vegetation mat measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Han ◽  
Yong Sung Park ◽  
Young Do Kim ◽  
Jae Hyeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

MUSLE Evaluation of Soil Loss on a Construction Site by Using Gauging Weirs

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2718-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Isma Hani Ismail ◽  
Hooi Min Yee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Impervious Cover ◽  
Storm Rainfall ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

During urbanization, large areas of soil are exposed to the risk of soil erosion due to extensive earthworks and construction activities. Runoff from construction sites is known by far the largest source of sediment clogging our waterways. Erosion occurred from the study area due to removal of vegetation, high rainfall intensity, alteration of existing topography, and the covering of previously vegetated surfaces with impervious cover such as roads, driveways and buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the soil loss due to storm rainfall and runoff on a construction site located at Sungai Ara, Penang State of Malaysia. A purpose-built hydraulic structure namely Sharp Crested Rectangular Weir was constructed and installed on site for more reliable estimates of flow during storms. The soil loss was then evaluated by using an empirical modeling known as the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). Results showed that large amount of sediment has being eroded from the study area during these activities. The highest soil loss rate was estimated was 64 ton/ha during a storm event.

GIS estimation of annual average soil loss rate from Hangar River watershed using RUSLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mustefa ◽  
Fekadu Fufa ◽  
Wakjira Takala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

Abstract Currently, soil erosion is the major environmental problem in the Blue Nile, Hangar watershed in particular. This study aimed to estimate the spatially distributed mean annual soil erosion and map the most vulnerable areas in Hangar watershed using the revised universal soil loss equation. In this model, rainfall erosivity (R-factor), soil erodibility (K-factor), slope steepness and slope length (LS-factor), vegetative cover (C-factor), and conservation practice (P-factor) were considered as the influencing factors. Maps of these factors were generated and integrated in ArcGIS and then the annual average soil erosion rate was determined. The result of the analysis showed that the amount of soil loss from the study area ranges from 1 to 500 tha−1 yr−1 with an average annual soil loss rate of 32 tha−1 yr−1. Considering contour ploughing with terracing as a fully developed watershed management, the resulting soil loss rate was reduced from 32 to 19.2 tha−1 yr−1. Hence, applying contour ploughing with terracing effectively reduces the vulnerability of the watershed by 40%. Based on the spatial vulnerability of the watershed, most critical soil erosion areas were situated in the steepest part of the watershed. The result of the study finding is helpful for stakeholders to take appropriate mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Loss Rates in Asreh Watershed (North Jordan Badia) Using RUSLE and GIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Saad M. AlAyyash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

In arid lands, rainwater harvesting can play an important role in making more water available since most of the rainfall runoff evaporates. If rainwater can be collected, it will form a useful resource. Jordan is classified as one of the poorest countries regarding water resources with an arid and semi-arid climate. For these limited and vital sources of water, good estimation of rainfall runoff quantity and quality can enhance the sustainability of water harvesting projects. The hydrologic estimations of runoff quantities and qualities are essential, and several techniques to achieve that exist. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is one of the widely used techniques to assess the soil erosion due to runoff, by assessing other physical factors that affect the soil loss. RUSLE combined five parameters to identify the soil loss rate: rainfall erosivity, topographic, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and management, and land management. Based on RUSLE results, areas are classified as a highly soil loss rate if the annual rates exceeded 20 tons per hectare. The Asreh watershed is a 196 km2 area that is mostly wasted land and receives an annual rainfall between 50 and 300 mm per year. The RUSLE equation inputs parameters for the study area are found and the equation is applied for the watershed. Results of RUSLE application on the Asreh watershed showed that the average annual soil loss rate is about 7.8 tons per hectare, about 73% of the area are classified as low soil loss rate with less than 10 tons per hectare per year, and only 13% of the area is classified as a high soil loss rate of more than 20 tons per hectare per year.

scholarly journals Impacts of land use/land cover and climate changes on soil erosion in Muga watershed, Upper Blue Nile basin (Abay), Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatek Belay ◽  
Daniel Ayalew Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
The Future ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

Abstract Background Soil erosion is one of the major threats in the Ethiopian highlands. In this study, soil erosion in the Muga watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin (Abay) under historical and future climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change was assessed. Future LULC was predicted based on LULC map of 1985, 2002, and 2017. LULC maps of the historical periods were delineated from Landsat images, and future LULC was predicted using the CA–Markov chain model. Precipitation for the future period was projected from six regional circulation models. The RUSLE model was used to estimate the current and future soil erosion rate in Muga watershed. Results The average annual rate of soil erosion in the study area was increased from about 15 t ha−1 year−1 in 1985 to 19 t ha−1 year−1 in 2002, and 19.7 t ha−1 year−1 in 2017. Expansion of crop cultivation and loss of vegetation caused an increase in soil erosion. Unless proper measure is taken against the LULC changes, the rate of soil loss is expected to increase and reach about 20.7 t ha−1 year−1 in 2033. In the 2050s, soil loss is projected to increase by 9.6% and 11.3% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, compared with the baseline period. Thus, the soil loss rate is expected to increase under both scenarios due to the higher erosive power of the future intense rainfall. When both LULC and climate changes act together, the mean annual soil loss rate shows a rise of 13.2% and 15.7% in the future under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, which is due to synergistic effects. Conclusions The results of this study can be useful for formulating proper land use planning and investments to mitigate the adverse effect of LULC on soil loss. Furthermore, climate change will exacerbate the existing soil erosion problem and would need for vigorous proper conservation policies and investments to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on soil loss.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL LOSS IN UPPER DIDESSA WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayera Gudu Tufa ◽  
Tolera Abdissa Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

Soil erosion is dramatically increasing and accelerating in developing countries like Ethiopia. It has worrisome economic and environmental impacts and causes nutrient loss on agricultural land, sedimentation in rivers and reservoirs, clogged canals and other water supply systems. Determination of spatial distribution of soil loss rate in upper Didessa watershed is an important priority for prioritizing the area for watershed management practices in order to reduce soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) framed with geographical information system and remote sensing technique was used to estimate the mean annual soil loss in Upper Didessa Watershed, Ethiopia. Digital elevation model (DEM) with 30mx30m resolution was collected from Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy and used to delineate the watershed. Soil loss factors of the watershed like length and slope factor (LS), soil erodibility factor (K), cover management factor (C), support practicing factor (P) and rain fall erosivity factor (R) were evaluated and integrated in GIS to compute the annual soil loss rate of the watershed. The results of this work reveal that the annual rate of soil loss in the watershed is 5.23 t / ha / year. They also show that the central part of the watershed is an area prone to soil erosion. DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA PERDA DO SOLO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA SUPERIOR DIDESSA, ETIÓPIA ResumoA erosão do solo está aumentando e acelerando dramaticamente em países em desenvolvimento como a Etiópia. Tem impactos econômicos e ambientais preocupantes e causa perda de nutrientes em terras agrícolas, sedimentação em rios e reservatórios, entupimento de canais e outros sistemas de fornecimento de água. A determinação da distribuição espacial da taxa de perda de solo na bacia hidrográfica superior do Rio Didessa é uma prioridade importante para priorizar a área para práticas de manejo de bacias hidrográficas a fim de reduzir a erosão do solo. A Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Revisada (RUSLE), enquadrada com sistema de informação geográfica e técnica de sensoriamento remoto, foi usada para estimar a perda média anual de solo na Bacia do Alto Didessa, na Etiópia. O modelo digital de elevação (DEM) com resolução de 30mx30m foi coletado no Ministério da Água, Irrigação e Energia e utilizado para delinear a bacia hidrográfica. Os fatores de perda de solo da bacia hidrográfica, como comprimento e fator de inclinação (LS), fator de erodibilidade do solo (K), fator de manejo da cobertura (C), fator de prática de apoio (P) e fator de erosividade da chuva (R) foram avaliados e integrados no SIG para calcular a taxa anual de perda de solo da bacia hidrográfica. Os resultados deste trabalho revelam que taxa anual de perda de solo da bacia hidrográfica é de 5,23 t / ha / ano. Mostram ainda que a parte central da bacia hidrográfica é uma área propensa à erosão do solo. Palavras-chave: SIG. Perda de solo. RUSLE. Didessa superior da bacia hidrográfica.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil loss rate using the USLE model for Agewmariayam Watershed, northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebrehana Girmay ◽  
Awdenegest Moges ◽  
Alemayehu Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Soil Loss Rate ◽  
Loss Rates

Abstract Background Soil erosion and nutrient depletion threaten food security and the sustainability of agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa. Estimating soil loss and identifying hotspot areas support combating soil degradation. The aim of this paper is to estimate the soil loss rate and identify hotspot areas using USLE model in the Agewmariam watershed, northern Ethiopia. Methods Rainfall erosivity factor was determined from annual rainfall, soil erodibility factor from soil data, slope length and gradient factor were generated from DEM, cover factor and conservation practice factor obtained from land use cover map. Finally, the parameters were integrated with ArcGIS tools to estimate soil loss rates of the study watershed. Results Mean annual soil loss rates were estimated to be between 0 and 897 t ha−1 year−1 on flatter and steeper slopes, respectively. The total annual soil loss was 51,403.13 tons from the watershed and the annual soil loss rate of the study area was 25 t ha−1 year−1. More than 33% of the study areas were above tolerable soil loss rate (11 t ha−1 year−1). The spatial risk categorization rate was 67.2% severe (> 51 t ha−1 year−1), 5.4% very high (31–50 t ha−1 year−1), 5.8% high (19–30 t ha−1 year−1), 3.2% moderate (12–18 t ha−1 year−1) and 18.3% slight (0–11 t ha−1 year−1). Conclusion The results showed that the severity of erosion occurred on the steep slope cultivation, absence of conservation measures, and sparse nature of the vegetation cover. This area required immediate action of soil and water conservation which accounts for about 33.5% of the total watershed.

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