Site-specific live load and extreme live load models for long span bridges

2014 ◽  
pp. 3741-3747
Author(s):  
M Lutomirska ◽  
A Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Live Load ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Long Span

The development of live load for long span bridges

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1, 2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Nowak ◽  
M. Lutomirska ◽  
F.I. Sheikh Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Live Load ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Long Span

Reliability-Based Site-Specific Live Load Models for the Gordie Howe International Bridge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Ude ◽  
Y. Eddie He ◽  
Matt Chynoweth ◽  
Zaher Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Live Load ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Large Databases

<p>This paper discusses the development of project-specific live load models to achieve target reliability levels for the Gordie Howe International Bridge. This new bridge between Windsor, Ontario Canada and Detroit, Michigan USA will have a main span of 853 m (2800 ft), a design life of 125 years, and will experience atypical traffic patterns as a result of customs inspection plazas required at both ends of the bridge. Due to these variations relative to standard practice, large databases of weigh-in-motion data and simulation studies were used to modify the live load models of both country’s codes following the approach of NCHRP 683. The limit states addressed extend beyond the Strength 1 (ULS 1), to include high dead-to-live ratio combinations, and fatigue limit states.</p>

Effects of the highway live load on the additional forces of the continuously welded rails of a long-span suspension bridge

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110619
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Yu ◽  
Nengyu Cheng ◽  
Haiquan Jing
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Track Bridge

High-speed running trains have higher regularity requirements for rail tracks. The track-bridge interaction of long-span bridges for high-speed railways has become a key factor for engineers and researchers in the last decade. However, studies on the track-bridge interaction of long-span bridges are rare because the bridges constructed for high-speed railways are mainly short- or moderate-span bridges, and the effects of the highway live load on the additional forces of continuously welded rails (CWRs) have not been reported. In the present study, the effects of the highway live load on the additional forces of a CWR of a long-span suspension bridge are investigated through numerical simulations. A track-bridge spatial analysis model was established using the principle of the double-layer spring model and the bilinear resistance model. The additional stress and displacement of the rail are calculated, and the effects of the highway live load are analyzed and compared with those without a highway live load. The results show that the highway live load has an obvious effect on the additional forces of a CWR. Under a temperature force, the highway live load increases the maximum tensile stress and compressive stress by 10 and 13%, respectively. Under a bending force, the highway live load increases the maximum compressive rail stress and maximum displacement by 50 and 54%, respectively. Under a rail breaking force, when the highway live load is taken into consideration, the rail displacement at both sides of the broken rail varies by 50 and 42%, respectively. The highway live load must be taken into consideration when calculating the additional forces of rails on highway-railway long-span bridges.

Design live load model for long span bridges

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eui-Seung Hwang ◽  
Do-Young Kim ◽  
Jin-Yong Mok
Keyword(s):  
Live Load ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Live Load Model

scholarly journals Comparision of constant-span and influence line methods for long-span bridge load calculations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainars Paeglitis ◽  
Andris Freimanis
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Influence Line ◽  
Long Span Bridge

Traffic load models available in building standards are most often developed for short or medium span bridges, however, it is necessary to develop traffic load models just for long span bridges, because the most unfavourable traffic situations are different. Weigh-in-Motion system data from highway A1 and A3 were used in this study. Measurement errors from data were cleaned using two groups of filters. The first group was based on vehicle validity codes recorded by both systems, if any circumstances might have influenced the measurements, the second group cleaned data using general filters for all vehicles and specific filters for trucks and cars. Additionally, vehicles were adjusted for influence of temperature. Data cleaning increased the average gross vehicle, so it could be considered as a conservative choice. Six traffic scenarios, each with different percentage of cars in the traffic, were made to assess the difference in loads from different traffic compositions. Traffic loads for long-span bridges were calculated using two approaches: the first assuming constant span length, the second, using influence lines from a bridge currently in design stage. Gumbel distribution were fitted to the calculate loads and they were extrapolated to probability of exceedance of 5% in 50 year period. Results show that influence line approach yield larger loads than those from constant-span. Both approaches result in loads larger than ones in Eurocode 1 Load Model 1, however, increase might have been caused by an increase in vehicle weight.

Weather Forecasting Technology Applied to Structures Improves Resiliency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron J. Chapman ◽  
Zach J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Long Span Bridges ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Historical Database

<p>Designers are creating taller and more complex structures in the urban built environment. These complex structures include long span bridges, buildings and monuments all of which can push the limits of design and engineering processes. These structures are challenging to construct, operate, and rehabilitate during their life-cycle. Analytics used during the design phase can be combined with weather forecasting technology to provide an advanced site and structure-specific weather forecast. This site and structure-specific weather forecast helps to ensure efficient, safe construction, and maximizes operation of the structural asset. Examples discussed include forecasting of wind conditions for construction/maintenance activities on bridges, prediction of falling snow/ice accretion from cable stay bridges/buildings and prevention of high-sided vehicle blow over on bridges. Analysis of weather forecasting data combined with a historical database of site-specific weather monitoring provides knowledge about deviations from the normal climate. This analysis can provide advanced storm warning thereby mitigating potential damages. The ability to provide site-specific and structure-specific weather forecasts is increasingly important because of the increased intensity and frequency of storm events due to climate change.</p>

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