Soy Proteins as Wood Adhesives

BACKGROUND. Increased salt intake is associated with a number of cardiovascular events, including increased blood pressure (BP) and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, there is much evidence that a high content of sodium chloride in the diet does not always lead to an increase in BP, but almost inevitably causes cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH. Many aspects of myocardial remodeling induced by high sodium content in the food have not been studied enough. THE AIM of the study was to trace the echocardiographic changes in Wistar rats fed the high salt ration and the high salt ration supplemented with soy proteins.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Echocardiography and BP measurements were performed on male Wistar rats, divided into three groups. The first (control; n = 8) included rats that received standard laboratory feed (20.16 % animal protein and 0.34 % NaCl); the second (n = 10) – animals that received standard feed and 8 % NaCl (high salt ration). The third group (n = 10) consisted of rats who consumed a low-protein diet containing 10 % soy protein isolate (SUPRO 760) and 8 % NaCl. The follow-up period was 2 and 4 months.THE RESULTS of the study showed that: (1) the intake of a large amount of salt with a diet does not necessarily lead to the formation of arterial hypertension; (2) despite the absence of a distinct increase in BP, under these conditions signs of cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH, appear rather quickly; (3) supplementing a high-salt diet with soy isolates counteracts the development of LVH.CONCLUSION. High salt intake with food can cause heart remodeling, regardless of blood pressure, while soy proteins can counteract this process.

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The effect of the soak temperature applied to the classification of the water resistance grade of wood adhesives

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives ◽

10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102841 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102841

Author(s):

Szabolcs Koman ◽

Jozsef Abraham

Keyword(s):

Water Resistance ◽

Wood Adhesives

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Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4242

Author(s):

Manggar Arum Aristri ◽

Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽

Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽

Petar Antov ◽

Antonios N. Papadopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Automotive Industry ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Review Article ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Wood Adhesives ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Lighting Industry ◽

Renewable Natural Resources ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Strong Adhesion

This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

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