Is Childhood Obesity Associated with Bone Density and Strength in Adulthood?

Bone density and bone marrow adiposity in childhood obesity using MR spectroscopy

10.17760/d20317936 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Aiko Bao Yee Man

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Bone Density ◽

Mr Spectroscopy ◽

Marrow Adiposity

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Is Childhood Obesity Associated with Bone Density and Strength in Adulthood?

Journal of Osteoporosis ◽

10.4061/2010/904806 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kirsti Uusi-Rasi ◽

Pekka Kannus ◽

Matti Pasanen ◽

Harri Sievänen

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Bone Density ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Adjustment ◽

Total Cross Sectional Area ◽

Total Body ◽

Adult Bone

Associations between childhood obesity and adult bone traits were assessed among 62 obese premenopausal women, of which 12 had been obese since childhood (ObC), and 50 had gained excess weight in adulthood (ObA). Body composition and bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body, spine, and proximal femur were assessed with DXA. Total cross-sectional area and cortical (diaphyseal CoD) and trabecular (epiphyseal TrD) bone density of the radius and tibia were measured with pQCT. Compared to ObA-group, ObC-group was 5.2 cm taller having 2.5 and 3.5 kg more lean and fat mass, respectively. Depending on the statistical adjustment, ObC-group had 5–10% greater TrD both in tibia and in radius. The remaining bone traits did not significantly differ between the groups. Current preliminary observations bring up an interesting question whether childhood obesity can result in denser trabecular bone in adulthood. However, prudence must be exercised in the statistical adjustment.

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The role of PPARγ in childhood obesity-induced fractures

Genes & Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12263-019-0653-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew R. McCann ◽

Anusha Ratneswaran

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Bone Density ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽

Ppar Gamma ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Blount’S Disease

AbstractGlobally, obesity is on the rise with ~ 30% of the world’s population now obese, and childhood obesity is following similar trends. Childhood obesity has been associated with numerous chronic conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. This review highlights the effects of childhood adiposity on bone density by way of analyzing clinical studies and further describing two severe skeletal conditions, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount’s disease. The latter half of this review discusses bone remodeling and cell types that mediate bone growth and strength, including key growth factors and transcription factors that help orchestrate this complex pathology. In particular, the transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is examined as it is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can also influence osteoblast populations. Obese individuals are known to have higher levels of PPARγ expression which contributes to their increased adipocyte numbers and decreased bone density. Modulating PPAR*gamma* signaling can have significant effects on adipogenesis, thereby directing MSCs down the osteoblastogenesis pathway and in turn increasing bone mineral density. Lastly, we explore the potential of PPARγ as a druggable target to decrease adiposity, increase bone density, and be a treatment for children with obesity-induced bone fractures.

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