Bone — An Organ of the Support and Locomotor Apparatus Containing all Types of Connective Tissue

2016 ◽  
pp. 219-256
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus

scholarly journals CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA IN CHILDREN. THE EXPERIENCE OF AN ORTHOPEDIST IN AN OUT-PATIENT UNIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
A. I. Metalnikov ◽  
A. A. Osipov ◽  
Yury V. Ten ◽  
D. A. Yelkova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia

Pediatric orthopedists in out-patient pediatric units - unlike traumatologists- orthopedists for adult population - face a great number of various congenital malformations in the muscular-skeletal system of children, and, in the end, malformations of the connective tissue. Unfortunately, diagnosis “dysplasia of the connective tissue”, one of the most widespread diagnosis in the pediatric practice, is frequently a result of “hyper diagnostics” at the primary stage of pediatric control. A decisive role in putting this diagnosis, undoubtedly, belongs to pediatric orthopedists. Dysplasia of the connective tissue occupies a leading place in the pathology of locomotor apparatus in children who are brought to trauma units with injuries for consultations and medical aid. So, the basic purpose of this work was to develop an algorithm for monitoring patients with connective tissue dysplasia and to define ways for increasing the efficiency of prophylactic measures, treatment and rehabilitation of children with the discussed pathology. 30 children with congenital dysplastic impairments in the connective tissue, who were consulted and treated in 2011 - 2018, were included into the trial. All of them (100%) had fractures of upper and lower extremities in anamnesis ( tibia, metatarsal bones, lower third of the radius, transcondylar fractures of the humerus). There were no fractures in the skull, pelvis, fingers. No displacement of bone fragments. The cranial vault was disproportionately large, had a spherical shape. In anamnesis, delayed fontanel closure. During the dynamic observation, main clinical symptoms of the disease were: distorted limbs due to fractures ( 3 and more in each patient), muscle hypotension, vicious posture (scoliotic, kyphotic, kyphoscoliotic, flat back), blue sclera, carious teeth. Findings of laboratory, radiological and densitometric examinations were the final chain in the clinical diagnosis. Modern highly professional medical and rehabilitation measures can lead to good results in children with the connective tissue dysplasia and significantly improve their quality of life. To know the basic clinical manifestations of the disease and ways of its treatment is a need not only for orthopedists in pediatric clinics, but, first of all, for pediatricians who carry out the primary patronage of newborns. Early detection of connective tissue pathologies allows to avoid the most serious complications of the disease, such as idiopathic scoliosis, early juvenile osteochondrosis, and Shoerman-Mau disease.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF THE POST EXERCISE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
V Nikolenko ◽  
M Oganesyan ◽  
A Vovkogon ◽  
M Sankova ◽  
N Rizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Severe Degree

Aim. The article deals with establishing the character of the correlations between the somatometrical features and morphological signs of connective tissue dysplasia in persons with frequent post exercise structural and functional disorders of the locomotor apparatus. This is required for creating treatment and disease preventive measures and recommendations to choose an adequate physical activity. Materials and methods. A comprehensive medical and anthropological examination of 48 people aged from 18 to 47 years (mean age 36.38 ± 6.02 years) with frequent post exercise structural and functional disorders of the locomotor apparatus was carried out. A questionnaire was developed to assess the status of their connective tissue. The control group consisted of 36 apparently healthy people aged 18.85 ± 0.56 years. Statistical processing of the data obtained was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. All patients with frequent post exercise structural and functional disorders of the locomotor apparatus had connective tissue dysplasia of moderate and severe degree, the total score of which was 49.44 ± 13.1. The analysis of the frequency of connective tissue dysplasia morphological signs occurrence depending on their diagnostic significance, made it possible to establish the pathognomonic predictors of high susceptibility to frequent disorders of the locomotor apparatus. Conclusion. Early diagnostics of frequent disorders of the locomotor apparatus will contribute to timely preventive measures in terms of physical load and a corresponding rehabilitation for eliminating the deve­lopment of the main disorder.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Ultrastructure of Liver in Lactosyl Ceramidosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Z. Hruban ◽  
J. R. Esterly ◽  
G. Dawson ◽  
A. O. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Bile Canaliculi ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Marginal Plates ◽  
Membranous Material ◽  
Perichromatin Granules

Samples of a surgical liver biopsy from a patient with lactosyl ceramidosis were fixed in paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide. Hepatocytes (Figs. 1, 2) contained 0.4 to 2.1 μ inclusions (LCI) limited by a single membrane containing lucid matrix and short segments of curved, lamellated and circular membranous material (Fig. 3). Numerous LCI in large connective tissue cells were up to 11 μ in diameter (Fig. 2). Heterogeneous dense bodies (“lysosomes”) were few and irregularly distributed. Rough cisternae were dilated and contained smooth vesicles and surface invaginations. Close contact with mitochondria was rare. Stacks were small and rare. Vesicular rough reticulum and glycogen rosettes were abundant. Smooth vesicular reticulum was moderately abundant. Mitochondria were round with few cristae and rare matrical granules. Golgi complex was seen rarely (Fig. 1). Microbodies with marginal plates were usual. Multivesicular bodies were very rare. Neutral lipid was rare. Nucleoli were small and perichromatin granules were large. Small bile canaliculi had few microvilli (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Banded Structures in the Connective Tissue of Meningioma

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Routine Procedures

Previously, we have reported on extracellular cross-striated banded structures in human connective tissues of a variety of organs (1). Since then, more material has been examined and other techniques applied. Recently, we studied a fibrocytic meningioma of the falx. After the specimen was fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, other routine procedures were followed for embedding in Epon 812. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. There were numerous cross striated banded structures in aggregated bundle forms found in the connecfive tissue of the tumor. The banded material has a periodicity of about 450 Å and where it assumes a filamentous arrangement, appears to be about 800 Å in diameter. In comparison with the vicinal native collagen fibrils, the banded material Is sometimes about twice the diameter of native collagen.

Banded aggregates containing fibrillin are present in the cartilage matrix adjacent to chondrocytes in individuals affected with scoliosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 892-893
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Magaret Fairhurst ◽  
Catherine C. Ridgway ◽  
Lynn Y. Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Rotary Shadowing

Matrix microfibrils are present in the connective tissue matrices of all tissues. Following standard TEM processing, they appear in cross section as cylindrical fibrils 8-10 nm in diameter, often associated with amorphous elastin. They are also seen in the absence of amorphous elastin, for example in the shallow papillary layer of skin, and also in cartilage matrix (Figure 1). Negative stain and rotary shadowing studies suggest that microfibrils are composed of laterally associated globular structures connected by fine filamentous strands (“ beaded strings”), and that they are extendable. Immunoelectron microscopy has demonstrated that fibrillin, a 350 Kd glycoprotein, is distributed along all microfibrils with a relaxed periodicity of about 54 nm The gene coding for fibrillin has recently been identified and is defective in the Marfan syndrome.

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