Clinical Applications in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2013 ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Beau Standish ◽  
Victor Yang ◽  
Naoki Muguruma ◽  
Norman Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Sugarcane fibre may prevents hairball formation in cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna A. Loureiro ◽  
Guilherme Sembenelli ◽  
Ana P. J. Maria ◽  
Ricardo S. Vasconcellos ◽  
Fabiano C. Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Insoluble Fibre

AbstractHair ingested by licking during cat grooming can eventually coalesce into solid masses in cat gastrointestinal tract. It is believed that dietary fibre might reduce formation of these trichobezoars (hairballs). The effects of two insoluble fibre sources added to kibble diets were evaluated with respect to trichobezoar faecal excretion. Thirty-two cats and four diets were used in a randomised block design: a control diet without additional fibre, 10 % added sugarcane fibre, 20 % added sugarcane fibre or 10 % added cellulose. Animals were fed for 42 d and during three separate periods (days 15–17, 25–27 and 40–42), the cats were housed individually in metabolic cages and their faeces were totally collected. The faeces were evaluated and the trichobezoars were isolated and classified into small (<1 cm), medium (1·1–2 cm) or large (>2·1 cm). Means were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA and contrasts (P < 0·05). Cats fed sugarcane fibre shown a linear reduction of small and medium trichobezoar excretion (number per cat per day;P = 0·004) as well as a reduction in trichobezoar mass excretion (mg per cat per day;P < 0·01). The control group showed increased faecal excretion of large trichobezoars (P = 0·003), which were not present in the high sugarcane fibre group (P < 0·006). No effect of cellulose was observed for any evaluated trait. Therefore, long fibres (sugarcane fibre) may cause greater peristaltic stimulation, increasing the propulsion of hair through the gut, but further research is needed to validate this mechanism. In conclusion, sugarcane fibre reduced faecal hairball elimination in cats, which may have clinical applications for the prevention of health problems related to trichobezoars.

scholarly journals The Brain–Gut–Microbiome Axis in Psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Seung-Ho Jang ◽  
Young Sup Woo ◽  
Sang-Yeol Lee ◽  
Won-Myong Bahk
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Brain

Beginning with the concept of the brain–gut axis, the importance of the interaction between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract has been extended to the microbiome with increasing clinical applications. With the recent development of various techniques for microbiome analysis, the number of relevant preclinical and clinical studies on animals and human subjects has rapidly increased. Various psychotic symptoms affect the intestinal microbiome through the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal gland axis. Conversely, the intestinal microbiome regulates the gastrointestinal tract environment and affects psychological factors by means of the microorganisms or their metabolites, either acting directly on the brain or through the synthesis of various neurotransmitters. This review discusses the clinical applicability of the brain–gut–microbiome axis and directions for improving psychological symptoms based on the studies published to date.

scholarly journals A study of evaluating specific tissue oxygen saturation values of gastrointestinal tumors by removing adherent substances in oxygen saturation imaging

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243165
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Nishihara ◽  
Keisuke Hori ◽  
Takaaki Saito ◽  
Toshihiko Omori ◽  
Hironori Sunakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
White Coating ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Objectives Oxygen saturation (OS) imaging is a new method of endoscopic imaging that has clinical applications in oncology which can directly measure tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) of the surface of gastrointestinal tract without any additional drugs or devices. This imaging technology is expected to contribute to research into cancer biology which leads to clinical benefit such as prediction to efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, adherent substances on tumors such as blood and white coating, pose a challenge for accurate measurements of the StO2 values in tumors. The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for discriminating between the tumors and their adherent substances, and to investigate whether it is possible to evaluate the tumor specific StO2 values excluding adherent substances during OS imaging. Methods We plotted areas of tumors and their adherent substances using white-light images of 50 upper digestive tumors: blood (68 plots); reddish tumor (83 plots); white coating (89 plots); and whitish tumor (79 plots). Scatter diagrams and discriminating algorithms using spectrum signal intensity values were constructed and verified using validation datasets. StO2 values were compared between the tumors and tumor adherent substances using OS images of gastrointestinal tumors. Results The discriminating algorithms and their accuracy rates (AR) were as follows: blood vs. reddish tumor: Y> - 4.90X+7.13 (AR: 95.9%) and white coating vs. whitish tumor: Y< -0.52X+0.17 (AR: 96.0%). The StO2 values (median, [range]) were as follows: blood, 79.3% [37.8%–100.0%]; reddish tumor, 74.5% [62.0%–86.9%]; white coating, 73.8% [42.1%–100.0%]; and whitish tumor, 65.7% [53.0%–76.3%]. Conclusions OS imaging is strongly influenced by adherent substances for evaluating the specific StO2 value of tumors; therefore, it is important to eliminate the information of adherent substances for clinical application of OS imaging.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

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