Legal Aspects and Ethical Issues in the Use of Biometrics: A Study from Norway

2013 ◽  
pp. 275-300
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Aspects

Gender Differences in Ethics Perceptions in Information Technology

2008 ◽  
pp. 3433-3441
Author(s):  
Leone E. Woodcock ◽  
San Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Ethical Perceptions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Males And Females

Greater emphasis is now placed on ethics in information technology (IT) which covers a broad range of issues such as privacy, honesty, trustworthiness, software reliability, data storage, the environment, security breaches, hacking, viruses, and acknowledging the intellectual property of others. Further, legal aspects tend to overlap ethics perceptions. For example, issues such as copying computer programs, music CDs, images, or videos are more than just ethical problems; they also pose legal problems. The ethical dimensions also extend to issues such as computer crime and fraud, information theft, and unauthorized information dissemination. These ethical issues are becoming more complex as continuing advances in IT present many new ethical situations and fresh dilemmas. Developments such as the Internet, electronic commerce, and wireless/mobile communications present a new set of ethical issues and challenge current of codes of ethics, copyright laws, and their authors. In addition, computer users’ ethical standards may also vary from one situation to another (Wikipedia, 2005). What is ethical is subjective, and more so in the areas of IT. Perceptions of ethics in IT vary to a degree from individual to individual. Further, there seems to be significant differences in the perception of ethics among males and females. According to Adam (2000), male and female judgment is most often influenced by their personal values and whether an action is considered legal. Woodcock (2002) conducted a study on ethical perceptions among 405 male and female students from universities, technical colleges, and schools in North-Eastern Australia and found significant differences in some ethical situations between males and females. This article presents common issues and dilemmas that confront IT professionals, students, and the general community. In particular, it presents gender differences in perceptions of ethics and legalities in IT and highlights the different ethical perceptions of male and female students. These insights are particularly significant as the ethical beliefs and perceptions that students have may influence their ethical behaviors during their working careers.

scholarly journals Persepsi Perlindungan Hukum dan Aspek Etik terhadap Keinginan Perawat IGD Melakukan CPR pada Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwin Winarti ◽  
Rosiana Rosiana
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ABSTRAKKejadian henti jantung dapat terjadi dimana saja baik di rumah sakit maupun di luar rumah sakit atau Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Usaha untuk meningkatkan survival rate kejadian henti jantung adalah pemberian Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)/ resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) yang berkualitas. Faktor yang mempengaruhi seseorang untuk mau menjadi bystander CPR bukan hanya terkait pengetahuan dan teknik melakukan CPR namun juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial, kerelaan melakukan, kesiapan psikologis dan faktor lainnya seperti aspek etik dan hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi perlindungan hukum dan aspek etik terhadap keinginan perawat dalam memberikan tindakan CPR pada kejadian Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan metode kuisioner yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti dan menggunakan total sampling yang melibatkan seluruh perawat IGD RSUD Budhi Asih sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact dan Cochran-Mantel Haenszel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden (56,7%) memiliki persepsi yang negatif terhadap perlindungan hukum terhadap bystander CPR pada OHCA. Meskipun demikian, perawat cenderung memiliki persepsi yang positif ketika menjawab pertanyaan terkait isu etik CPR pada korban anak-anak, wanita maupun lansia. Sebanyak 43,33% (13 perawat) memiliki keinginan positif untuk melakukan CPR pada OHCA sementara 56,67% (17 perawat) lainnya memiliki keinginan negatif sebagai bystander CPR. Hasil uji Cochran-Mantel Haenszel menunjukkan persepsi terhadap perlindungan hukum mempengaruhi keinginan perawat dalam memberikan CPR pada OHCA dan akan diperbesar kemungkinan memberikan CPR apabila perawat tersebut berusia ≥ 30 tahun (p 0,014; OR 14,133; 95% CI 2,081-95,947) dan memiliki masa kerja ≥ 5 tahun (p 0,008; OR 25,667; 95% CI 2,253-292,462). Promosi mengenai aspek legal dan etik, serta landasan hukum perlindungan terhadap bystander CPR menjadi penting untuk dapat meningkatkan keinginan perawat dan jumlah bystander CPR. ABSTRACTCardiac arrest can occur anywhere in the hospital or outside the hospital, which is called Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). An effort to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest is the provision of quality Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Factors that influence a person's willingness to become a bystander CPR are not only related to the knowledge and techniques of conducting CPR but are also influenced by social factors, willingness, psychological readiness, and other factors such as ethical and legal aspects. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of perceptions of legal protection and ethical issues on the nurses' willingness to provide CPR in the OHCA incident. This study used a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire developed by researchers, conducted at Emergency Department Budhi Asih Regional Hospital in East Jakarta, and used a total sampling method involving 30 ED nurses. Fisher's Exact and Cochran-Mantel Haenszel tests were used to analyze the data. The study findings show that the majority of respondents (56.7%) have a negative perception of the legal protection of bystander CPR in OHCA. However, nurses have a positive perception when answering questions related to the ethical issue of CPR in victims of children, women, and the elderly. 43.33% (13 nurses) have a positive willingness to perform CPR on OHCA, while 56.67% (17 nurses) have a negative willingness as a bystander CPR. The results of the Cochran-Mantel Haenszel test show that perceptions of legal protection may influence nurses' willingness to provide CPPR to OHCA patient, and it will increase the likelihood of giving CPR if the nurse age is ≥ 30 years old (p 0.014; OR 14,133; 95% CI 2,081-95,947) and has been working for ≥ 5 years (p 0.008; OR 25,667; 95% CI 2,253-292,462). Promotion of the legal aspects, ethical issues, and protection to bystander CPR are essential to increase the willingness of nurses and the number of bystander CPR. 

Opinion on the ethical aspects of nanomedicine – Legal Aspects

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethical Aspects

AbstractThe potential of nano-technologies raises great hopes. Far-reaching claims are made by both opponents and proponents. The first difficulty in describing the state of the art accurately is to distinguish between science and science fiction, i.e. between the state of the art today, what may be around the corner tomorrow and what remains highly speculative. The ethical issues raised at these stages are not necessarily the same.

scholarly journals Off-Label Use of COVID-19 Vaccines from Ethical Issues to Medico-Legal Aspects: An Italian Perspective

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Davide Ferorelli ◽  
Lorenzo Spagnolo ◽  
Maricla Marrone ◽  
Serena Corradi ◽  
Maria Silvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Drug Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Label Use

During the COVID-19 outbreak, the lack of official recommendations on the treatment has led healthcare workers to use multiple drugs not specifically tested and approved for the new insidious disease. After the availability of the first COVID-19 vaccines (Comirnaty Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID19 vaccine), an authorization was issued by national and international Drug Regulatory Agencies in order to speed up their introduction on the market and their administration on a large scale. Despite the authorization, the off-label use of these vaccines may still be possible especially to answer specific concerns as the lack of vaccine doses, the delay in the delivery of planned doses or the pressure from public opinion and political influence also in relation to the evolution of the pandemic. This paper aims to assess the possible off-label use of COVID-19 vaccines and the ethical and medico-legal implications of this eventuality. The scope of this paper is to point out the possible consequences of off-label use of COVID-19 vaccines and possible mitigation and preventive measures to be taken by healthcare workers involved in vaccination procedures.

Attitudes Toward Euthanasia: Contradictory Views and Ideas of Alzheimer Patients’ Relatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S661-S661
Author(s):  
E. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the pressing social problems as the negative effects of the disease often manifest on patients’ relatives. Relatives of AD patients experience physical and psychological burden during the care.ObjectivesTo clarify what kind of views on euthanasia are more common among relatives of patients with AD.MethodsThe study involved 23 AD patients’ relatives (mean age 60, SD = 2). There were 5 men (22%) and 18 women (78%). All participants were directly involved in caring for their relatives with AD. A 19-item structured questionnaire (E. Nikolaev, 2016) was used for measuring medical, legal, ethical, socio-cultural, spiritual and personal aspects of attitudes to euthanasia.ResultsThe respondents were less likely to see euthanasia as medical issue. They also referred it to kind of ethical and legal problems. Legal aspects were determined by greater consent to its legalization and by awareness of imperfections of legal basis for its immediate implementation. Ethical issues according to which euthanasia practice was related to the development of humanity complemented this vision. These settings were in conflict with socio-cultural perceptions of euthanasia. Respondents were convinced in possibility of various forms of abuse during euthanasia. Supporting the ideas of euthanasia in general, many respondents on a personal level were not ready to apply them to their relatives with AD in practice.ConclusionsAttitudes to euthanasia in AD patients’ relatives was contradictory. It was determined by divergent ideas about euthanasia in field of legal, social, cultural, spiritual and personal issues of this interdisciplinary phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Gender Differences in Ethics Perceptions in Information Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Leone E. Woodcock ◽  
San Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Ethical Perceptions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Males And Females

Greater emphasis is now placed on ethics in information technology (IT) which covers a broad range of issues such as privacy, honesty, trustworthiness, software reliability, data storage, the environment, security breaches, hacking, viruses, and acknowledging the intellectual property of others. Further, legal aspects tend to overlap ethics perceptions. For example, issues such as copying computer programs, music CDs, images, or videos are more than just ethical problems; they also pose legal problems. The ethical dimensions also extend to issues such as computer crime and fraud, information theft, and unauthorized information dissemination. These ethical issues are becoming more complex as continuing advances in IT present many new ethical situations and fresh dilemmas. Developments such as the Internet, electronic commerce, and wireless/mobile communications present a new set of ethical issues and challenge current of codes of ethics, copyright laws, and their authors. In addition, computer users’ ethical standards may also vary from one situation to another (Wikipedia, 2005). What is ethical is subjective, and more so in the areas of IT. Perceptions of ethics in IT vary to a degree from individual to individual. Further, there seems to be significant differences in the perception of ethics among males and females. According to Adam (2000), male and female judgment is most often influenced by their personal values and whether an action is considered legal. Woodcock (2002) conducted a study on ethical perceptions among 405 male and female students from universities, technical colleges, and schools in North-Eastern Australia and found significant differences in some ethical situations between males and females. This article presents common issues and dilemmas that confront IT professionals, students, and the general community. In particular, it presents gender differences in perceptions of ethics and legalities in IT and highlights the different ethical perceptions of male and female students. These insights are particularly significant as the ethical beliefs and perceptions that students have may influence their ethical behaviors during their working careers.

Ethical and Legal Considerations in Problem-Solving Courts

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-199
Author(s):  
David DeMatteo ◽  
Kirk Heilbrun ◽  
Alice Thornewill ◽  
Shelby Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Defense Counsel ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Problem Solving Courts ◽  
Specialty Courts ◽  
Ethical And Legal Considerations

This chapter focuses on the legal and ethical considerations that are relevant to problem-solving courts. The chapter begins with a review of the constitutional considerations relevant to problem-solving courts and how they impact pleadings, consent, and competence. Next, this chapter provides an overview of the ethical issues associated with consent and confidentiality in specialty courts. Part of the discussion of legal considerations compares legal aspects of problem-solving courts to legal aspects of standard prosecution. This chapter also covers ethical implications regarding the role of the judge in specialty courts. A key topic in this area is the role of coercion/leverage, both in terms of how offenders are admitted to problem-solving courts and what actions courts take when a client is not compliant. We also examine the important role of defense counsel in problem-solving courts, focusing on how defense counsel can effectively and ethically represent defendants within a problem-solving justice framework. Finally, this chapter discusses clinical implications of the ethical challenges that are most relevant to problem-solving courts.

OP170 How Can Health Technology Assessment Participate In The Healthcare Quality Improvement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Wafa Allouche ◽  
Sami El Gouddi ◽  
Emna Allouche ◽  
Ali Mrabet
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Quality ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Healthcare Quality Improvement

IntroductionProviding high-quality and affordable care is a big challenge facing policy makers, especially in low and middle income countries (LMIC). The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate how health technology assessment (HTA) benefits the improvement of the healthcare quality, and to highlight the fact that HTA domains match to the dimensions of health quality: safety, effectiveness, efficiency and patient-centeredness.MethodsThis presentation will be based on explaining the ability of HTA to improve the quality of healthcare. Some countries, mainly LMIC where resources are limited, do not have formal HTA whose goal is to inform the development of safe, effective and patient centered health policies. The theoretical concepts of HTA demonstrate a strong connection between HTA and healthcare quality improvement. By way of illustration an example of successful experiences will be given.ResultsThe presentation items are: - The definition of health technology - Introduction to health technology assessment as a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic and ethical issues related to the use of a health technology. - Why is health technology assessment used, the identification of the HTA report domains including Safety, Clinical Effectiveness, Ethical analysis, Social aspects, Legal aspects and the importance of patient experience in HTA. - The identification of the six dimensions of healthcare quality and the determination of the connection between HTA and healthcare quality improvement. - A presentation of the international Decision Support Initiative (iDSI) experience in some LMIC.ConclusionsHTA has many meeting points with healthcare quality dimensions. HTA is likely to become an increasingly important influence in health decisions.

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