Molecular Design and Metal Extraction Behavior of Calixarene Compounds as Host Extractants

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-148 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Design ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Extraction Behavior

Highly CO2-Soluble Chelating Agents for Supercritical Extraction and Recovery of Heavy Metals

1994 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yazdi ◽  
E. J. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Extraction Recovery ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Poor Solvent

AbstractCarbon dioxide is an attractive organic solvent in today's chemical process environment in that it is non-flammable, inexpensive, and exhibits low toxicity. Further, materials solubilized in carbon dioxide are easily and completely recovered/concentrated from solution via a simple pressure quench. Despite these favorable properties, CO2 is non-polar, and as such is a very poor solvent for materials such as conventional metal chelating agents, thus blocking application of carbon dioxide in metal extraction/recovery. Consequently, we are exploring the molecular design of materials which are highly CO2-philic, that is, they exhibit solubilities in carbon dioxide which are significantly greater than alkanes with the same number of main-chain atoms. By functionalizing chelating moieties with CO2-philic oligomers, we have generated materials which both effectively extract metals from solid matrices and which dissolve in carbon dioxide in significant quantities.

Synthesis and metal extraction behavior of pyridine and 1,2,4-triazole substituted calix[4]arenes

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Pratibha Sharma ◽  
Bhagwan Lal Kalal ◽  
Lal Kumar Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Extraction Behavior

scholarly journals Electron Densities & Cyclo-Voltammetry Studies of Mg, Al and Ca Calix-Aren Complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1320-1332
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Calixarenes are preferable for metal extraction because of the easy synthesis of a great number of derivatives, which allows comparing the impact of cavity size, conformation, functional groups, and other factors on the extraction behavior, and the flexibility to design a proper ligand to recognize a metal ion selectively. In this work, theoretically, it has been discussed on the specific Calix[n] and related cation in point of density and electrical potential via electron densities & cycle-voltammetry studies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Extraction Ability between a Mixture of Alamine 336/Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA and Ionic Liquid ALi-D2 from Weak Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Viet Nhan Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Minh Nhan Le ◽  
Man Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Alamine 336

The development of extraction systems to improve the extraction efficiency of metals using commercial extractants and ionic liquids is of importance. The extraction behavior of Co(II) between mixture of Alamine 336/Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA and synthesized ionic liquid ALi-D2 was compared in this work. Some factors, such as equilibrium pH, properties of the extractants, and concentration of components in the mixture had a remarkable effect on the extraction of Co(II). The interactions occurring in the mixtures as well as the change in solution pH were analyzed. Co(II) was completely extracted by ionic liquid when equilibrium pH was higher than 6.5, while it was difficult to extract Co(II) by employing the mixture of D2EHPA and Alamine 336/Aliquat 336. The formation of ionic liquid in the mixture of D2EHPA and Aliquat 336 was verified through FT-IR spectra. In addition, the competition extraction of hydrogen ion and Co(II) by ionic liquid ALi-D2 was explained. Among the three kinds of extractants, the ionic liquid showed the best extraction efficiency for Co(II) and pH control from weak acidic solutions. The present study provides valuable information on the extraction behavior of metal ion by the mixtures of commercial extractants, and thus can give some light on the development of metal extraction systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Dysprosium Compounds on the Extraction Behavior of Dy from Nd-Dy-Fe-B Magnet Using Liquid Magnesium

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Sun-Woo Nam ◽  
Sang-Min Park ◽  
Mohammad Zarar Rasheed ◽  
Myung-Suk Song ◽  
Do-Hyang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Extraction Percentage ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Extraction Reaction ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Phase Proceeds

During the liquid metal extraction reaction between a Nd-Dy-Fe-B magnet and liquid Mg, Nd rapidly diffuses out of the magnet, whereas Dy is not extracted due to the reaction with the matrix and the formation of Dy2Fe17 phase. In addition, theDy2O3 phase exists at the grain boundaries. Until now, only the effect of the Dy2O3 phase on the extraction of Dy has been reported. In this study, the effect of the Dy2Fe17 phase on the extraction of Dy from the Nd-Dy-Fe-B magnet was investigated in liquid Mg. The formation of the Dy2Fe17 phase during the reaction between Mg and matrix (RE2Fe14B) was first examined using a thermodynamical approach and confirmed by microstructural analysis. It was observed that Dy extraction was dominated by Dy2Fe17 phase decomposition from 3 h to 24 h, followed by Dy2O3 phase dominant reaction with Mg. Comparing the activities of the Dy2Fe17 phase and the Dy2O3 phase, the reaction of Dy2Fe17 is dominant, as compared to the Dy2O3 phase. Finally, at 48 h, the high Dy extraction percentage of 93% was achieved. As a result, in was concluded that the Dy2Fe17 phase acts as an obstacle in the extraction of Dy. In the future, if research to control the Dy2Fe17 phase proceeds, it will be of great importance to advance the recycling of Dy.

Design of highly CO2-soluble chelating agents for carbon dioxide extraction of heavy metals

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali V. Yazdi ◽  
Eric J. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Cleanup Procedure ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Poor Solvent

Carbon dioxide is an attractive organic solvent in today's chemical process environment, in that it is nonflammable, inexpensive, and exhibits low toxicity. Further, materials solubilized in carbon dioxide are easily and completely recovered/concentrated from solution via a simple pressure quench. Despite these favorable properties, CO2 is nonpolar and therefore is a very poor solvent for materials such as conventional metal chelating agents, thus blocking application of carbon dioxide in metal extraction/recovery. Consequently, we are exploring the molecular design of materials which are highly CO2 phillic, that is, they exhibit solubilities in carbon dioxide which are significantly greater than alkanes with the same number of main-chain atoms. By functionalizing chelating moieties with CO2-phillic oligomers, we have generated materials that both effectively extract metals from solid matrices and that dissolve in carbon dioxide in significant quantities. The application of such chelating agents is not limited to soil cleaning operations. In fact, these chelates make the use of CO2 possible in many applications where precision cleanup/recovery of metal ions are required. For example, CO2 has been promoted as a replacement for CFC's in cleaning processes in the electronics industry. Use of these chelates would allow the removal of metals, along with other impurities in a CO2 cleanup procedure.

scholarly journals Extraction of Zinc Metal ions from Aqueous Solution Using Ionic Liquids

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

<p>This work analyzes the extraction behavior of transition heavy metal Zinc and other metal ions such as Copper, and Cadmium from hydrochloride aqueous solution in the absence of chelating agents by using a novel class of hydrophobic ionic liquids. Ionic liquid for this study was synthesized based on 1-(n-alkyl)-3-methylimidazolium cations and hexafluorophosphate anions followed by the metathesis route at room temperature were evaluated. The advantages of using these ionic liquids include their simple synthesis and sustainability. Which makes them “Greener and Simpler” compared to other solvents used for metal extraction. The experimental results show that ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BMPSM][PF6] entirely removed of Zinc (extraction percentage 94.4%) and other Copper and Cadmium heavy metals from the aqueous solutions. Based on the results, the use of ionic liquids for selected heavy metal ions as a substitute to the traditional extraction agents in liquid/liquid extraction of heavy metal ions shows considerable potential and is quite promising and promoting for further extraction.</p>

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