Introducing non-stationary earthquake process concept

2013 ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Y Xu ◽  
J Wang
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Process

A statistical model of the earthquake process

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-862
Author(s):  
J. Lomnitz-Adler
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Earthquake Process

abstract A model is presented for the simulation of the statistical features of the earthquake process. An analytical solution is given for a simple case, and a numerical calculation of spatial and stress drop frequency distribution has been carried out. Extensions of the model are discussed.

Seismic moment catalog of large shallow earthquakes, 1900 to 1989

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1306-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier F. Pacheco ◽  
Lynn R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
B Value ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Seismicity Rates ◽  
Chile Earthquake ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Earthquake Process

Abstract We compile a worldwide catalog of shallow (depth < 70 km) and large (Ms ≥ 7) earthquakes recorded between 1900 and 1989. The catalog is shown to be complete and uniform at the 20-sec surface-wave magnitude Ms ≥ 7.0. We base our catalog on those of Abe (1981, 1984) and Abe and Noguchi (1983a, b) for events with Ms ≥ 7.0. Those catalogs, however, are not homogeneous in seismicity rates for the entire 90-year period. We assume that global rates of seismicity are constant on a time scale of decades and most inhomogeneities arise from changes in instrumentation and/or reporting. We correct the magnitudes to produce a homogeneous catalog. The catalog is accompanied by a reference list for all the events with seismic moment determined at periods longer than 20 sec. Using these seismic moments for great and giant earthquakes and a moment-magnitude relationship for smaller events, we produce a seismic moment catalog for large earthquakes from 1900 to 1989. The catalog is used to study the distribution of moment released worldwide. Although we assumed a constant rate of seismicity on a global basis, the rate of moment release has not been constant for the 90-year period because the latter is dominated by the few largest earthquakes. We find that the seismic moment released at subduction zones during this century constitutes 90% of all the moment released by large, shallow earthquakes on a global basis. The seismic moment released in the largest event that occurred during this century, the 1960 southern Chile earthquake, represents about 30 to 45% of the total moment released from 1900 through 1989. A frequency-size distribution of earthquakes with seismic moment yields an average slope (b value) that changes from 1.04 for magnitudes between 7.0 and 7.5 to b = 1.51 for magnitudes between 7.6 and 8.0. This change in the b value is attributed to different scaling relationships between bounded (large) and unbounded (small) earthquakes. Thus, the earthquake process does have a characteristic length scale that is set by the downdip width over which rupture in earthquakes can occur. That width is typically greater for thrust events at subduction zones than for earthquakes along transform faults and other tectonic environments.

Memristive Circuits for the Simulation of the Earthquake Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Tastzoglou ◽  
Vasileios Ntinas ◽  
Ioakeim G. Georgoudas ◽  
Angelos Amanatiadis ◽  
Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Memristive Circuits ◽  
Earthquake Process

A Model for Major Intraplate Continental Earthquakes

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland Timothy Long
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Crustal Structures ◽  
Crustal Strength ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Earthquake Process

Abstract Traditional paradigms of continental seismicity assert the stationarity of the earthquake process and a causal association of earthquakes with active faults, increasing levels of stress, and crustal structures, in a framework of Plate Tectonics. I propose, instead, that the seismicity associated with a magnitude six or greater intraplate continental earthquake is a transient phenomenon responding to a perturbation in crustal strength independent of existing faults and crustal structures. Regional plate stress may still provide the driving energy, but the causative stress is released by a perturbation in crustal strength in the vicinity of a major earthquake. The timing of a major earthquake and the characteristics of the associated seismicity may then be described by a sequence of five phases which are as follows: (1) Initiation. A major intraplate continental earthquake is initiated with a disturbance in the hydraulic or thermal properties of the crust below the epicenter. Such disturbances could be induced by the intrusion of a sill or by partial melting. (2) Strength corrosion. A corrosion in crustal strength follows the upward migration of fluids or heat from the area of recent disturbance. (3) Stress concentration. As a weakened central zone deforms in response to tectonic plate stress, stresses are concentrated in the surrounding rigid crust. (4) Failure. A major earthquake occurs when the stress surrounding the weakened core exceeds the crustal strength, either because the concentrated stresses are anomalously high or because the dispersing fluids have spread beyond the core. (5) Crustal healing. The final phase in the occurrence of a major intraplate continental earthquake is an extended aftershock sequence which is concentrated along the rupture zone of the main event. The occurrence of a major intraplate earthquake as described above releases the strain energy in a perturbed area. Additional major events would be unlikely until the strength has recovered sufficiently to equalize intraplate stress and permit a repeat of the cycle.

scholarly journals The Earth as a living planet: human-type diseases in the earthquake preparation process

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Contoyiannis ◽  
S. M. Potirakis ◽  
K. Eftaxias
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Wavelet Decomposition ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Earthquake Preparation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earthquake Generation ◽  
Critical Characteristics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Earthquake Process

Abstract. The new field of complex systems supports the view that a number of systems arising from disciplines as diverse as physics, biology, engineering, and economics may have certain quantitative features that are intriguingly similar. The Earth is a living planet where many complex systems run perfectly without stopping at all. The earthquake generation is a fundamental sign that the Earth is a living planet. Recently, analyses have shown that human-brain-type disease appears during the earthquake generation process. Herein, we show that human-heart-type disease appears during the earthquake preparation of the earthquake process. The investigation is mainly attempted by means of critical phenomena, which have been proposed as the likely paradigm to explain the origins of both heart electric fluctuations and fracture-induced electromagnetic fluctuations. We show that a time window of the damage evolution within the heterogeneous Earth's crust and the healthy heart's electrical action present the characteristic features of the critical point of a thermal second-order phase transition. A dramatic breakdown of critical characteristics appears in the tail of the fracture process of heterogeneous system and the injured heart's electrical action. Analyses by means of Hurst exponent and wavelet decomposition further support the hypothesis that a dynamical analogy exists between the geological and biological systems under study.

scholarly journals Konversi Empiris Summary Magnitude, Local Magnitude, Body-Wave Magnitude, Surface Magnitude, dan Moment Magnitude Menggunakan Data Gempabumi 1922-2020 di Nusa Tenggara Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rian Mahendra Taruna ◽  
Anggitya Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Body Wave ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Local Magnitude ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Earthquake Process ◽  
Body Wave Magnitude

The existence of magnitude type variation from existing earthquake catalogue sources show that uniforming process is necessary. Beside that these type of magnitude will saturates in certain value, which are different with moment magnitude (Mw) which is not saturated and can describe earthquake process better. Our research initially did compatibility test between summary magnitude which is largely used by BMKG with other magnitude type. Furthermore, the purpose of our research is determination of empirical relation between magnitude type summary magnitude (M), local magnitude (ML), body-wave magnitude (mb), dan surface magnitude (Ms) which are usually used by earthquake catalogues to Mw. Method used in this research is linear regression using data set from BMKG, ISC-EHB, USGS, and Global CMT catalogues with are limited in West Nusa Tenggara and surrounding area. Data used in this research contains of 24.703 earthquake events during period May 9th 1922 until June 27th 2020. The result of this research shows there was good relation between M magnitude type with others magnitude type. Our research also found a conversion formula of M, ML, MLv, mb, and Ms to Mw with well-defined correlation.

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