Economic Evaluation of Ground-Source Heat Pump Air-Conditioning Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1125-1128
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Analyze economically and make evaluation of several investment projects of ground-source heat pump combining relevant economic evaluation methods. Compare this system with other conventional air conditioning systems in economic input to provide suggestions for applying and promoting the ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of meningococcal vaccines: considerations for the future

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Christensen ◽  
Hareth Al-Janabi ◽  
Pierre Levy ◽  
Maarten J. Postma ◽  
David E. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Life Years

AbstractIn 2018, a panel of health economics and meningococcal disease experts convened to review methodologies, frameworks, and decision-making processes for economic evaluations of vaccines, with a focus on evaluation of vaccines targeting invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The panel discussed vaccine evaluation methods across countries; IMD prevention benefits that are well quantified using current methods, not well quantified, or missing in current cost-effectiveness methodologies; and development of recommendations for future evaluation methods. Consensus was reached on a number of points and further consideration was deemed necessary for some topics. Experts agreed that the unpredictability of IMD complicates an accurate evaluation of meningococcal vaccine benefits and that vaccine cost-effectiveness evaluations should encompass indirect benefits, both for meningococcal vaccines and vaccines in general. In addition, the panel agreed that transparency in the vaccine decision-making process is beneficial and should be implemented when possible. Further discussion is required to ascertain: how enhancing consistency of frameworks for evaluating outcomes of vaccine introduction can be improved; reviews of existing tools used to capture quality of life; how indirect costs are considered within models; and whether and how the weighting of quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), application of QALY adjustment factors, or use of altered cost-effectiveness thresholds should be used in the economic evaluation of vaccines.

scholarly journals Methodological Challenges in the Economic Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Steel ◽  
Lode Godderis ◽  
Jeroen Luyten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reputation Effects ◽  
Future Work

An emerging issue in occupational health and safety (OHS) is that interventions increasingly have to demonstrate that they offer sufficient value for money. To this end, the last decennia have seen more and more economic evaluation methods being employed in this field. However, several recent publications have indicated that many of the published studies suffer from important shortcomings. This paper aims to highlight difficulties in assessing the value of OHS by use of current economic evaluation methods. First, a summary framework presents an overview of the costs and benefits relevant for OHS interventions. Next, three elements from this framework are selected that are at the same time crucial to OHS value, but also challenging to measure and monetise: Effects on worker productivity, ‘intangible’ benefits, such as reputation effects, and the influence of the broader legal–fiscal context in which an intervention takes place. The following sections then discuss the following research questions for each of these elements: Why is it difficult to exclude these factors from OHS economic evaluations? Why do they pose a challenge to the quality of economic evaluations in OHS? How can they be included, and what are the known advantages and disadvantages of the methods to measure these factors? Future work should investigate (and standardise) better methods to include these elements.

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