Some Instrumental Methods Used in Genomics, Proteomics and Forensic Science

2008 ◽  
pp. 283-328
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Sem/X-Ray Applications to the Forensic Science Field

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
K. Culbreth
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Science Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Scanning Electron

The introduction of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to forensic science has provided additional methods by which investigative evidence can be analyzed. The importance of evidence from the scene of a crime or from the personal belongings of a victim and suspect has resulted in the development and evaluation of SEM/x-ray analysis applications to various types of forensic evidence. The intent of this paper is to describe some of these applications and to relate their importance to the investigation of criminal cases.The depth of field and high resolution of the SEM are an asset to the evaluation of evidence with respect to surface phenomena and physical matches (1). Fig. 1 shows a Phillips screw which has been reconstructed after the head and shank were separated during a hit-and-run accident.

Forensic Identifications Aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicone-Epoxy Microreplicas of Calcified and Cornified Structures

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Sognnaes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Tissue Surfaces ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Changes

Sufficient experience has been gained during the past five years to suggest an extended application of microreplication and scanning electron microscopy to problems of forensic science. The author's research was originally initiated with a view to develop a non-destructive method for identification of materials that went into objects of art, notably ivory and ivories. This was followed by a very specific application to the identification and duplication of the kinds of materials from animal teeth and tusks which two centuries ago went into the fabrication of the ivory dentures of George Washington. Subsequently it became apparent that a similar method of microreplication and SEM examination offered promise for a whole series of problems pertinent to art, technology and science. Furthermore, what began primarily as an application to solid substances has turned out to be similarly applicable to soft tissue surfaces such as mucous membranes and skin, even in cases of acute, chronic and precancerous epithelial surface changes, and to post-mortem identification of specific structures pertinent to forensic science.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the viscoelastic characteristics of the lower leg muscles

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
E. M. Timanin ◽  
N. S. Sydneva ◽  
A. A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Viscoelastic Characteristics ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Introduction. To date there is a lack of studies dedicated to the objectification of the palpation data obtained by a specialist during the osteopathic examination. The issue of the evidence of the results of osteopathic correction still remains important. Search for instrumental methods allowing to register and to measure various palpation phenomena and manifestations of somatic dysfunctions is very relevant for the development of osteopathy as a science. It is also very important to find objective characteristics of these methods.Goal of research — to study viscoelastic characteristics of the soft tissues of the lower legs by palpation and instrumental methods before and after osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. 22 volunteers (12 women and 10 men) aged 18–23 years without complaints of the musculoskeletal system were examined. Osteopathic diagnostics and measurement of the viscoelastic properties of muscles were carried out by the method of vibration viscoelastometry before and after osteopathic correction.Results. Correlation analysis by Spearman showed that the subjective assessment of an osteopath positively correlated with both elasticity (r=0,43, p<0,05) and viscosity of soft issues (r=0,29, p<0,05). For the gastrocnemius muscle, this pattern was even more pronounced — for elasticity r=0,51, p<0,05, for viscosity =0,34, p<0,05. After osteopathic correction no changes in the elasticity of the soft tissues were observed. The viscosity of the tissues reduced, but in the projection of the gastrocnemius muscle, these changes were not statistically significant (p=0,12), whereas in the projection of the soleus muscle statistically significant changes (p=0,034) were observed.Conclusion. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of tissues demonstrated that the effects of osteopathic correction with the use of myofascial mobilization techniques, articulation mobilization techniques, and lymphatic drainage techniques were not obvious. The elasticity of soft tissues of the lower legs did not change, while the viscosity decreased, especially in the projection of the soleus muscles. This effect of the osteopathic correction can be associated with the effect of thixotropy — the transformation of gel-like intercellular substance into sol. Thus, the research showed that vibration viscoelastometry can be used for the objectifi cation of the condition of soft tissues and of the effects of osteopathic correction.

Instrumental methods in electrochemistry

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pletcher ◽  
R. Greff ◽  
R. Peat ◽  
L. M. Peter ◽  
J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Methods

Ways to improve tax administration of major taxpayers of oil and gas sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064-1076
Author(s):  
O.V. Ovchar
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector ◽  
Tax Regulation

Subject. Under rapid changes in the external economic environment, new forms and methods of State regulation of oil and gas industries, especially, improving the taxation and tax regulation instruments become relevant. Objectives. The study aims to provide an original interpretation of methods of improving the tax administration of major taxpayers in the oil and gas sector applied at the present stage. Methods. I employ normative and holistic approaches to examine taxation efficiency in the oil and gas sector, general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, i.e. retrospective, system analysis, observation, classification, instrumental methods of grouping, sampling, comparison and synthesis, as well as evolutionary and dynamic analysis. Results. I consider basic problems and solutions in the sphere of tax administration of major taxpayers of Russian oil and gas industries. The paper offers a package of measures and recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of tax regulation, underpins the applied approach to tax administration of organizations operating in the oil and gas sector. Conclusions and Relevance. Our country needs a comprehensive program for tax administration of the entire technological cycle: from upstream operations to full-scale import substitution of consumer goods.

PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRANCHES OF CRIMINALISTIC TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Elyotnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Forensic Photography ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the key provisions of traditional and developing branches of forensic technology as a branch of the forensic science. The article analyzes modern publications of domestic and foreign scientists dedicated to the problems of forensic technology. Discussion issues and gaps existing in the theory and practice of such branches of forensic technology as forensic photography and video recording, forensic phonoscopy, forensic traceology, forensic weapons science, forensic documentation, forensic research of substances, materials and products, forensic registration, etc. The opinions of individual forensic scientists on the resolution of controversial issues of forensic technology are given. The scientific directions that have not received at present recognition of independent branches of forensic technology are indicated. The promising areas of research in the framework of the branches of forensic technology are named, the main trends of its further development are formulated.

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