Preparation of Carbon Materials from Lignocellulosic Biomass

The focus is to highlight the catalytic technologies to convert lignocellulosic biomass into the activated carbon (AC) which can be used in photocatalysis applications. The drawback of carbon production raised by energy assumption and product selectivity has encouraged the development of sustainable carbon synthesis process, where the catalytic approach is considered. This treatment via either homogenous or heterogeneous catalytic approach relative in mild condition provided a bulk, mesoporous and nanostructure AC materials. Those characteristics of AC materials are basic requirements for the efficient photocatalytic system. Due to the excellent oxidizing behavior and stability, semiconductor materials have been widely used in the photocatalytic system. However, they lead to some drawbacks in terms of the separation steps and loss of the photocatalyst. So, attention has been paid to supported semiconductor catalysts which carbon materials were explored. AC reported as a potential support in photocatalytic systems.

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Evaluation of various carbon materials supported Pt catalyts for aqueous-phase reforming of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.180 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (19) ◽

pp. 10135-10140 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Burçak Kaya ◽

Sibel Irmak ◽

Arif Hasanoglu ◽

Oktay Erbatur

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Aqueous Phase Reforming ◽

Biomass Hydrolysate

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Three-dimensional distribution of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygemase during the early development of proplastids in dark-grown Euglena cells transferred to an inorganic medium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162090 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 906-907

Author(s):

Tomoko Ehara ◽

Shuji Sumida ◽

Tetsuaki Osafune ◽

Eiji Hase

Keyword(s):

Cell Suspension ◽

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Plastid Development ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Inorganic Medium ◽

Ribulose 1 ◽

Dimensional Distribution

As shown previously, Euglena cells grown in Hutner’s medium in the dark without agitation accumulate wax as well as paramylum, and contain proplastids showing no internal structure except for a single prothylakoid existing close to the envelope. When the cells are transferred to an inorganic medium containing ammonium salt and the cell suspension is aerated in the dark, the wax was oxidatively metabolized, providing carbon materials and energy 23 for some dark processes of plastid development. Under these conditions, pyrenoid-like structures (called “pro-pyrenoids”) are formed at the sites adjacent to the prolamel larbodies (PLB) localized in the peripheral region of the proplastid. The single prothylakoid becomes paired with a newly formed prothylakoid, and a part of the paired prothylakoids is extended, with foldings, in to the “propyrenoid”. In this study, we observed a concentration of RuBisCO in the “propyrenoid” of Euglena gracilis strain Z using immunoelectron microscopy.

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